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The comparison of equine articular cartilage progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells as potential cell sources for cartilage repair in the horse.
Abstract: A chondrocyte progenitor population isolated from the surface zone of articular cartilage presents a promising cell source for cell-based cartilage repair. In this study, equine articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) and equine bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) were compared as potential cell sources for repair. Clonally derived BMSCs and ACPCs demonstrated expression of the cell fate selector gene, Notch-1, and the putative stem cell markers STRO-1, CD90 and CD166. Chondrogenic induction revealed positive labelling for collagen type II and aggrecan. Collagen type X was not detected in ACPC pellets but was observed in all BMSC pellets. In addition, it was observed that BMSCs labelled for Runx2 and matrilin-1 antibodies, whereas ACPC labelling was significantly less or absent. For both cell types, osteogenic induction revealed positive von Kossa staining in addition to positive labelling for osteocalcin. Adipogenic induction revealed a positive result via oil red O staining in both cell types. ACPCs and BMSCs have demonstrated functional equivalence in their multipotent differentiation capacity. Chondrogenic induction of BMSCs resulted in a hypertrophic cartilage (endochondral) phenotype, which can limit cartilage repair as the tissue can undergo mineralisation. ACPCs may therefore be considered superior to BMSCs in producing cartilage capable of functional repair.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2011-10-02 PubMed ID: 21968294DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.036Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates and compares two types of cells – equine articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) and equine bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) – to determine their potential for use in repairing damaged cartilage in horses. The study indicated that while both cell types have multipotent differentiation capacity, ACPCs may prove superior to BMSCs in the context of cartilage repair, due to the latter’s propensity for mineralisation, which could limit the functionality of the repaired cartilage.
Overview of the Comparison
- A specific population of progenitor cells, known as chondrocyte progenitors, located in the surface zone of articular cartilage has been isolated. These cells could be potentially useful for cartilage repair.
- These articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs), and bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) in horses were compared in this study, examining their potential as sources for repair.
Findings from the Cell Analysis
- BMSCs and ACPCs showed the expression of Notch-1 gene that determines the destiny of cells, and supposed stem cell markers such as STRO-1, CD90 and CD166.
- Both cell types, after being induced for chondrogenesis, showed positive results for collagen type II and aggrecan. However, collagen type X, another widely present collagen, was found in BMSCs but not in ACPCs.
- Following this, it was noted that BMSCs labelled for Runx2 and matrilin-1 antibodies, while ACPC labelling was significantly less or even completely absent, indicating a difference between these two cell types’ responses.
Osteogenic and Adipogenic Induction Results
- Both the ACPCs and BMSCs demonstrated positive von Kossa staining after osteogenic induction, which indicates the presence of osteocalcin. This suggests that both these cell types could potentially differentiate into bone cells.
- In terms of adipogenic induction, both cell types also showed positive results with oil red O staining. This suggests that both these cell types have the potential to become fat cells.
Implications for Cartilage Repair
- While both ACPCs and BMSCs showed a similar capacity for multipotent differentiation, which is the ability of a single cell to develop into more than one type of mature cell depending on the conditions, the type of cartilage produced by these two cell types differs.
- BMSCs ended up in a hypertrophic (or overgrown) cartilage phenotype, which can turn into bone, limiting their usefulness for cartilage repair.
- Because of this, ACPCs may be seen as a better option for producing reparative cartilage tissue, as they do not seem to produce this bone-forming hypertrophic cartilage.
Cite This Article
APA
McCarthy HE, Bara JJ, Brakspear K, Singhrao SK, Archer CW.
(2011).
The comparison of equine articular cartilage progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells as potential cell sources for cartilage repair in the horse.
Vet J, 192(3), 345-351.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.036 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK. mccarthyhe1@cf.ac.uk
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells / physiology
- Cartilage, Articular / cytology
- Cartilage, Articular / physiology
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / veterinary
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen / classification
- Collagen / metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
- Horses / physiology
- Immunohistochemistry / veterinary
- Stem Cells / cytology
- Stem Cells / physiology
- Stromal Cells / cytology
- Stromal Cells / physiology
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