The complete map of the Ig heavy chain constant gene region reveals evidence for seven IgG isotypes and for IgD in the horse.
Abstract: This report contains the first map of the complete Ig H chain constant (IGHC) gene region of the horse (Equus caballus), represented by 34 overlapping clones from a new bacterial artificial chromosome library. The different bacterial artificial chromosome inserts containing IGHC genes were identified and arranged by hybridization using overgo probes specific for individual equine IGHC genes. The analysis of these IGHC clones identified two previously undetected IGHC genes of the horse. The newly found IGHG7 gene, which has a high homology to the equine IGHG4 gene, is located between the IGHG3 and IGHG4 genes. The high degree of conservation shared between the nucleotide sequences of the IGHG7 and IGHG4 genes is unusual for the IGHG genes of the horse and suggests that these two genes duplicated most recently during evolution of the equine IGHG genes. Second, we present the genomic nucleotide sequence of the equine IGHD gene, which is located downstream of the IGHM gene. Both the IGHG7 and IGHD genes were found to be expressed at the mRNA level. The order of the 11 IGHC genes in the IGH-locus of the horse was determined to be 5'-M-D-G1-G2-G3-G7-G4-G6-G5-E-A-3', confirming previous studies using lambda phage clones, with the exception that the IGHG5 gene was found to be the most downstream-located IGHG gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to localize the IGHC region to Equus caballus (ECA) 24qter, the horse chromosome corresponding to human chromosome 14, where the human IGH locus is found.
Publication Date: 2004-08-24 PubMed ID: 15322185DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.3230Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research involves mapping the Ig H chain constant (IGHC) gene region of the horse, revealing seven IgG isotypes and the existence of the IgD gene in the horse.
Detailed Explanation
The body of the research involves detailed genetic analysis of the Ig H chain constant gene region in the horse (Equus caballus). This genetic region was mapped out using a bacterial artificial chromosome library, comprising of 34 overlapping clones.
- The exploration began by identifying and arranging bacterial artificial chromosome inserts containing IGHC genes. This was done through hybridization using overgo probes designed for individual equine IGHC genes. The aim was to ensure that each IGHC gene was represented accurately on the map.
- During the analysis, two previously undetected IGHC genes were identified. These new genes were named IGHG7 and IGHD. The IGHG7 gene has a notable homology to the equine IGHG4 gene and is situated between the IGHG3 and IGHG4 genes.
- IGHG7 and IGHG4 share a high degree of conservation in their nucleotide sequences. This level of similarity is unusual within the IGHG genes of the horse, suggesting that these two genes are a result of the most recent duplication during the evolution of equine IGHG genes.
- The second newly identified gene, IGHD, was found downstream of the IGHM gene. Both the IGHG7 and IGHD genes were found to be expressed at the mRNA level.
- The order of the 11 IGHC genes in the horse’s IGH-locus was determined to be 5′-M-D-G1-G2-G3-G7-G4-G6-G5-E-A-3′. This confirmed previous studies, except for the placement of the IGHG5 gene, which was found to be the furthest downstream.
- The research also utilized fluorescence in situ hybridization to locate the IGHC region on the horse chromosome (ECA) 24qter. This corresponds to human chromosome 14, which is the location of the human IGH locus.
Overall, this research provides a comprehensive map of the complex IGHC gene region in the horse and serves as a foundation for further exploration of immunoglobulin genetics in this species.
Cite This Article
APA
Wagner B, Miller DC, Lear TL, Antczak DF.
(2004).
The complete map of the Ig heavy chain constant gene region reveals evidence for seven IgG isotypes and for IgD in the horse.
J Immunol, 173(5), 3230-3242.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.3230 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Deoxyribonuclease BamHI
- Haplotypes
- Horses
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Constant Regions / genetics
- Immunoglobulin D / genetics
- Immunoglobulin G / genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / genetics
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes / genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
Citations
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