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BMC veterinary research2018; 14(1); 193; doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1518-9

The detection of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in horse serum following long-term local administration.

Abstract: Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are alkaloids with analgesic effects in humans and animals. When used locally, both of them minimalise pain sensation by defunctionalising nerve endings. According to the Federation Equestrian International Prohibited Substances List, these are substance banned in horse competitions. The aim of the study was to determine the detection time of capsaicin in both plasma and serum after long-term use of a gel recommended for commercial use and applied as intended. The objective of the study was to select the best material for the detection of capsaicin as a doping substance in horses. Methods: Nine healthy mature horses were administered 0.1% capsaicin topically in the form of a commercial analgesic gel (15 g of the gel per limb) to the front limbs every 24 hours for five days with a polar fleece bandage. Blood serum and plasma were collected prior to gel application and in the 12th, 18th, 24th, 36th, 42nd, 48th, 60th, 84th, 108th, 132nd, 156th hour after the gel application. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). Results: The concentration of capsaicin in the serum samples did not exceed the lower limit of quantification. Capsaicin was not detected in the plasma samples during the entire study period. Dihydrocapsaicin was not detected in blood serum or plasma. Conclusions: The presented results suggest that capsaicin is not detected in horse serum in the 24-hour-periodfollowing its last application according to the dosage regimen used by owners and veterinarians for therapy rather than doping, based on a five day gel application and a polar bandage.
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Publication Date: 2018-06-19 PubMed ID: 29914499PubMed Central: PMC6006555DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1518-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the detectability of capsaicin, a pain relief substance, in horses’ bloodstream after prolonged application of a legal, commercially produced gel. It also aims to select the best material for the detection of capsaicin as a potential doping substance in equestrian activities.

Objectives and Methodology

  • The study’s main objectives were to examine the presence and quantification of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in horse blood serum and plasma after a five-day application course of a commercial pain relief gel.
  • According to the Federation Equestrian International Prohibited Substances List, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, substances with analgesic properties, are banned in horse competitions. A crucial aim of the study was to identify the best material for detecting capsaicin used as a doping substance in horses.
  • Nine healthy mature horses were administered the gel topically on their front limbs once every 24 hours for five days. Blood samples from each horse were collected at multiple time points before and after gel application for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
  • The analysis was conducted using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) to measure the concentration of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in horse plasma and serum samples.

Results

  • Findings reveal that the serum concentration of capsaicin did not exceed detectable limits. Moreover, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin could not be identified within plasma samples throughout the entire duration of the study.
  • The results indicate that capsaicin was not detectable in horse serum 24 hours following its final application according to the dosage regimen typically prescribed by horse owners and veterinarians for therapeutic as opposed to doping purposes.

Conclusions

  • The study suggests that capsaicin cannot be detected following its application according to recommended dosage procedures and is not easily detectable in the serum or plasma of horses, diminishing its feasibility for use as an effective doping substance.
  • Nonetheless, the scope is open for further study to corroborate these findings and to explore potential shortfalls and limitations of the experiment methodology.

Cite This Article

APA
Zak A, Siwinska N, Slowikowska M, Borowicz H, Szpot P, Zawadzki M, Niedzwiedz A. (2018). The detection of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in horse serum following long-term local administration. BMC Vet Res, 14(1), 193. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1518-9

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 193
PII: 193

Researcher Affiliations

Zak, A
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland. agnieszka.zak@upwr.edu.pl.
Siwinska, N
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.
Slowikowska, M
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.
Borowicz, H
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.
Szpot, P
  • Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland.
Zawadzki, M
  • Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland.
Niedzwiedz, A
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Analgesics / administration & dosage
  • Analgesics / blood
  • Animals
  • Capsaicin / administration & dosage
  • Capsaicin / analogs & derivatives
  • Capsaicin / blood
  • Doping in Sports
  • Female
  • Gels
  • Horses / blood
  • Male
  • Time Factors

Conflict of Interest Statement

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: All experimental procedures were performed with the approval of the Animal Experimentation Local Ethics Committee in Wroclaw (permit No 97/2016). The owners of animals used in the research gave written informed consent prior to research procedure. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
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