The Development of Novel Primer Sets to Specifically Amplify Each of the Five Different Deltapapillomaviruses That Cause Neoplasia after Cross-Species Infection.
Abstract: Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 are recognized as the main cause of equine sarcoids. However, some studies report that up to a quarter of these tumors do not contain detectible BPV1 or BPV2 DNA. The absence of detectible BPV1 or BPV2 in these sarcoids suggests the possible involvement of other papillomavirus types. Currently, five are recognized to cause mesenchymal neoplasia after cross-species infection. In addition to BPV1 and BPV2, BPV13 has been associated with equine sarcoids in Brazil, BPV14 has been associated with feline sarcoids, and Ovis aries papillomavirus 2 caused a sarcoid-like lesion in a pig. To investigate the cause of equine sarcoids, PCR primers were developed to specifically amplify each of the five different that have been associated with mesenchymal neoplasia. The specificity of these primers was confirmed using samples of formalin-fixed tissue known to contain each PV type. These primers allow rapid and sensitive detection of DNA in equine sarcoids. As studies have revealed marked regional variability in the cause of equine sarcoids, these primers will be useful to determine the predominant PV type causing sarcoids in a region. Additionally, there is a single report describing mixed infections by BPV1 and BPV2 in equine sarcoids. The specific primer sets are expected to enable more sensitive detection of mixed infections in equine sarcoids. Determining the cause of equine sarcoids is important as vaccines are developed to prevent these common malignant neoplasms.
Publication Date: 2021-09-26 PubMed ID: 34679038PubMed Central: PMC8541201DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100208Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research involves the development of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primer sets that are designed to be able to differentiate and identify each of the five types of deltapapillomaviruses linked to causing neoplasia (tumor formation). This tool aims to assist in the more precise diagnosis of equine sarcoids, a common type of horse tumor, which can often be caused by varying types of these viruses in different regions or in mixed-infection scenarios.
Objective and Significance
- The research aims to develop PCR primer sets that are capable of specifically identifying and differentiating each of the five variants of Deltapapillomaviruses (BPV 1, 2, 13, 14 and Ovis aries papillomavirus 2).
- These viruses are associated with the formation of neoplasia or tumors following cross-species infections, such as equine sarcoids in horses, which are commonly caused by BPV1 and BPV2.
- A more accurate diagnosis of the cause of these equine sarcoids could aid in the development of more effective vaccines and treatments.
Methodology
- The newly developed PCR primers were used to attempt to specifically amplify each of the five different Deltapapillomaviruses.
- Their specificity was confirmed through their application onto samples of formalin-fixed tissue that were identified to contain each type of papillomavirus (PV).
Key Findings
- The novel PCR primers enabled the rapid and highly sensitive detection of Deltapapillomavirus DNA in equine sarcoids.
- Since studies have shown that there can be significant regional variability in the specific type of Deltapapillomavirus causing the equine sarcoids, these primers may be crucial in identifying the predominant PV type in a particular region.
- The primers also have the potential to improve the detection of mixed infections of Deltapapillomaviruses in equine sarcoids, as evidenced by a report describing mixed infections by BPV1 and BPV2 in equine sarcoids.
Implications
- The findings are significant as they provide a mechanism for better understanding and diagnosing the cause of equine sarcoids, which can be crucial in curbing these common malignant tumors in horses.
- The development of these specific primers could aid in the future generation of specific treatments or preventive vaccines for equine sarcoids.
Cite This Article
APA
Munday JS, Gedye K, Daudt C, Chaves Da Silva F.
(2021).
The Development of Novel Primer Sets to Specifically Amplify Each of the Five Different Deltapapillomaviruses That Cause Neoplasia after Cross-Species Infection.
Vet Sci, 8(10), 208.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8100208 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
- Laboratório de Virologia Geral e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Virologia Geral e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil.
Grant Funding
- ET5.2020 / New Zealand Equine Trust
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Rolph KE, Cavanaugh RP. Infectious Causes of Neoplasia in the Domestic Cat. Vet Sci 2022 Aug 30;9(9).
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