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Computational and structural biotechnology journal2020; 18; 3457-3467; doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.036

The ecogenomics of dsDNA bacteriophages in feces of stabled and feral horses.

Abstract: The viromes of the mammalian lower gut were shown to be heavily dominated by bacteriophages; however, only for humans were the composition and intervariability of the bacteriophage communities studied in depth. Here we present an ecogenomics survey of dsDNA bacteriophage diversity in the feces of horses (), comparing two groups of stabled horses, and a further group of feral horses that were isolated on an island. Our results indicate that the dsDNA viromes of the horse feces feature higher richness than in human viromes, with more even distribution of genotypes. No over-represented phage genotypes, such as CrAssphage-related viruses found in humans, were identified. Additionally, many bacteriophage genus-level clusters were found to be present in all three geographically isolated populations. The diversity of the horse intestinal bacteriophages is severely undersampled, and so consequently only a minor fraction of the phage contigs could be linked with the bacteriophage genomes. Our study indicates that bacteriophage ecological parameters in the intestinal ecosystems in horses and humans differ significantly, leading them to shape their corresponding viromes in different ways. Therefore, the diversity and structure of the intestinal virome in different animal species needs to be experimentally studied.
© 2020 The Authors.
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Publication Date: 2020-11-10 PubMed ID: 33294140PubMed Central: PMC7691681DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.036Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research sheds light on the diversity and distribution of bacteriophages (or viruses that infect bacteria) in the feces of horses. The regional diversity in stabled and feral horses is compared, presenting a higher richness and more balanced distribution of genotypes in horse viromes as compared to human viromes.

Objective of the Research

  • The main aim of the study is to investigate the variation and abundance of dsDNA bacteriophages in the feces of horses and how they compare to human bacteriophage communities.

Design and Methodology

  • The scientists compared the bacteriophage communities in two separate groups of stabled horses and a group of feral horses isolated on an island.
  • Their methodology involved ecogenomics – the analysis of the genetic material of organisms and their relationship to the environment.

Results of the Study

  • The study found that the bacteriophage richness (or diversity) in horse feces is higher than in humans.
  • The distribution of different bacteriophage genotypes in horse feces was more evenly distributed, with no specific bacteriophage genotypes being over-represented. This contrasts strong human-associated genotypes like CrAssphage-related viruses.
  • Significant bacteriophage genus-level clusters existed in all three horse populations, irrespective of their geographical location.

Conclusions and Implications of the Research

  • Despite significant discoveries, a glaring gap remains in the understanding of horse-intestinal bacteriophages due to under sampling. Only a minor fraction of phage contigs (overlapping DNA segments) could be associated with bacteriophage genomes.
  • The study concludes that the human and horse bacteriophage ecological parameters differ substantially and that this difference subsequently influences the development of their respective viromes. It suggests that there’s a strong need for more experimental research into the virome diversity and structure in different animal species.

Cite This Article

APA
Babenko VV, Millard A, Kulikov EE, Spasskaya NN, Letarova MA, Konanov DN, Belalov IS, Letarov AV. (2020). The ecogenomics of dsDNA bacteriophages in feces of stabled and feral horses. Comput Struct Biotechnol J, 18, 3457-3467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.036

Publication

Computational and structural biotechnology journal
ISSN: 2001-0370
NlmUniqueID: 101585369
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 18
Pages: 3457-3467

Researcher Affiliations

Babenko, V V
  • FSC Physico-chemical Medicine FMBA, Russia.
Millard, A
  • Dept Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, UK.
Kulikov, E E
  • Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia.
Spasskaya, N N
  • Zoology Museum, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.
Letarova, M A
  • Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia.
Konanov, D N
  • FSC Physico-chemical Medicine FMBA, Russia.
Belalov, I S
  • Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia.
Letarov, A V
  • Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology RC Biotechnology RAS, Moscow, Russia.
  • Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.

Grant Funding

  • MR/L015080/1 / Medical Research Council
  • MR/T030062/1 / Medical Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Citations

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