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The economic impact of Bluetongue and other orbiviruses in sub-Saharan Africa, with special reference to Southern Africa.
Abstract: Bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS) are considered the most important orbiviral diseases in Southern Africans countries. The general endemic status makes these diseases challenging to be quanti ed in terms of their economic impact. Using country reported data from BT and AHS outbreaks and cases, as well as international trade data, the economic impact of BT and AHS is evaluated on local, regional, and global scales. Local scale impact in the Southern African region is underestimated as shown by the underreporting of BT and AHS. Exceptions occur during epidemic cycles of the diseases and when the diseases impact regional animal movement and global trade, as in the case of AHS in South Africa. While BT is not directly implicated as a signi cant non-tari barrier for regional movement, there are unspeci ed clauses in import permits which refer to the 'OIE listed diseases' and the freedom thereof includes endemic diseases like BT. African horse sickness has a much more tangible regional and global economic impact because of movement restrictions within AHS control zones in South Africa and through international movement of horses from this country.
Publication Date: 2016-10-11 PubMed ID: 27723050DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.503.2427.3Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- African Horse Sickness
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Transmission
- Disease Treatment
- Economics
- Endemic Disease
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Infectious Disease
- Public Health
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
Summary
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The research article is about the economic impact of Bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS), two significant orbiviral diseases, particularly in Southern Africa; it analyses the effects of these diseases on local, regional, and global scales utilizing reported data from outbreaks and international trade records.
Understanding Bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS)
- The study focuses on two major orbiviral diseases – Bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS), which have a significant presence in Southern African countries.
- Due to their endemic status, quantifying the economic impacts of these diseases presents significant challenges.
Analysis Methods
- The study adopts an analytical approach based on reported data from outbreaks of BT and AHS.
- It also incorporates international trade data to appreciate the broader global economic implications of these diseases.
Economic Impact of BT and AHS
- The paper discusses how the impact of these diseases at the local level, specifically in the Southern African region, often tends to be underestimated due to underreporting.
- Notable exceptions occur during some disease epidemic cycles that significantly impact regional animal movement and global trading activities, especially notable in the case of AHS in South Africa.
BT, AHS, and Regional Animal Movement
- The research indicates that BT is not directly implicated as a significant non-tariff barrier for regional movement. However, some unspecified import permit clauses referring to ‘OIE listed diseases’ usually include endemic diseases like BT.
- AHS, on the other hand, vastly impacts regional and global economies owing to movement restrictions within AHS control zones in South Africa and international movement of horses from the same country.
Cite This Article
APA
Grewar JD.
(2016).
The economic impact of Bluetongue and other orbiviruses in sub-Saharan Africa, with special reference to Southern Africa.
Vet Ital, 52(3-4), 375-381.
https://doi.org/10.12834/VetIt.503.2427.3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Services, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Muldersvlei Road, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa.
MeSH Terms
- Africa South of the Sahara / epidemiology
- African Horse Sickness / economics
- African Horse Sickness / epidemiology
- Animals
- Bluetongue / economics
- Bluetongue / epidemiology
- Costs and Cost Analysis
- Horses
- Orbivirus
- Reoviridae Infections / economics
- Reoviridae Infections / epidemiology
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Liu L, Guo X, Hu F, Lu X, Lv Y, Wang J, Ma Q, Tong Y, Tian F, Qian Y, Jung YS, Ma X, Huang B, Li Y, Yu K. Isolation, Genomic Characterization, and Pathogenicity of a Novel Duck Orbivirus Genetically Similar to Corriparta Virus in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2025;2025:9556666.
- Louloudes-Lázaro A, Nogales-Altozano P, Rojas JM, Veloz J, Carlón AB, Van Rijn PA, Martín V, Fernández-Sesma A, Sevilla N. Double-stranded RNA orbivirus disrupts the DNA-sensing cGAS-sting axis to prevent type I IFN induction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2025 Jan 21;82(1):55.
- Ogola EO, Bastos ADS, Slothouwer I, Getugi C, Osalla J, Omoga DCA, Ondifu DO, Sang R, Torto B, Junglen S, Tchouassi DP. Viral diversity and blood-feeding patterns of Afrotropical Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Front Microbiol 2023;14:1325473.
- Singh R, Singh KP, Singh R, Singh V, Kumar P, Varshney R, Yadav A, Mote A, Gangwar M, Prasath NB. Preliminary investigation reveals novel pathological consequences of bluetongue virus-1 infection in the endocrine glands of pregnant Indian sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2024 Nov;35(1):2269428.
- Saminathan M, Singh KP, Khorajiya JH, Dinesh M, Vineetha S, Maity M, Rahman AF, Misri J, Malik YS, Gupta VK, Singh RK, Dhama K. An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India. Vet Q 2020 Dec;40(1):258-321.
- More S, Bicout D, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Mertens P, Savini G, Zientara S, Broglia A, Baldinelli F, Gogin A, Kohnle L, Calistri P. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bluetongue. EFSA J 2017 Aug;15(8):e04957.
- Porphyre T, Grewar JD. Assessing the potential of plains zebra to maintain African horse sickness in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. PLoS One 2019;14(10):e0222366.
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