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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / The effect of exercise on cytokine concentration in equine a...
Equine veterinary journal2022; 55(3); 551-556; doi: 10.1111/evj.13586

The effect of exercise on cytokine concentration in equine autologous conditioned serum.

Abstract: Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a commonly administered intra-articular treatment for the management of osteoarthritis in athletic horses. Objective: To investigate the influence of exercise on the concentration of cytokines in a non-commercial method of ACS production. Methods: Non-randomised cross over design. Methods: Whole blood was obtained from eight healthy Standardbred horses immediately prior to, 1 h and 24 h following a single bout of exhaustive exercise. Blood was processed using a non-commercial method of ACS production. Fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA) analysis was performed to quantify Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentrations at each time point. Mixed effect repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the pre-exercise and post-exercise cytokine concentrations. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: A reduced concentration of IL-1Ra (median 584.4, IQR 81.9-5098 pg/ml, p = 0.004) and an increased concentration of TNF-α (11.92, 9.28-39.75 pg/ml, P = .05) at 1 h post-exercise were observed when compared with baseline values (IL-Ra 7349, 1272-10 760 pg/ml; TNF TNF-α 11.16, 8.36-32.74 pg/ml). No difference in cytokine concentrations of IL-10 or IL-1β were found between any of the time points. Conclusions: The large biological variability and small sample size represents limitations of this study. Conclusions: These results suggest that a single bout of intense exercise can reduce the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra and increase the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, reducing the 'anti-inflammatory' cytokine composition of ACS. Our findings suggest that collection of blood for ACS production should be performed no sooner than 24 h following a single episode of intense exercise. Unassigned: Le sérum autologue conditionné (ACS) est fréquemment administré de façon intra-articulaire dans les cas d'ostéoarthrose chez l'athlète équin. Objective: Tait d'Investiguer l'influence de l'exercice sur la concentration des cytokines dans l'ACS produit de façon non-commerciale. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Étude croisée non-aléatoire. MÉTHODES: Le sang entier de 8 chevaux Standardbred en santé a été prélevé immédiatement, 1 heure et 24 heures suivant un seul épisode d'exercice intense. Le sang a été traité en utilisant une méthode de production d'ACS non-commercialisée. Une analyse par test immunologique à microsphères (FMIA, fluorescent microsphere immunoassay) a été effectuée afin de quantifier la concentration dans le temps du récepteur antagoniste de l'interleukine 1 (IL-1Ra), interleukine 10 (IL-10), interleukine 1 beta (IL-1β) et du facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha (TNF-α). Une analyse de variance ajustée par mesures répétées à effets mixtes a été utilisée pour comparer les concentrations de cytokines avant et après l'exercice. Les données avec une valeur de p < 0.05 ont été considérées significatives. RÉSULTATS: Une concentration diminuée d'IL-1Ra (médiane 584.4, IIQ 81.9-5098 pg/ml, p = 0.004) et une concentration augmentée de TNF-α (11.92, 9.28-39.75 pg/ml, p = 0.05) ont été observées 1 heure après l'exercice par rapport aux valeurs de base (IL-1Ra 7349, 1272-10760 pg/ml; TNF-α 11.16, 8.36-32.74 pg/ml). Aucune différence de concentration de cytokines dans le temps n'a été identifiée pour IL-10 et IL-1β. Unassigned: Grande variabilité biologique et petite taille d'échantillon. Conclusions: Ces résultats suggère qu'une seule séance d'exercice intense puisse réduire la concentration de la cytokine anti-inflammatoire IL-1Ra et augmenter la concentration de la cytokine pro-inflammatoire TNF-α, ce qui réduirait la composition en cytokines anti-inflammatoires dans l'ACS. Nos trouvailles suggèrent que le prélèvement de sang pour la production d'ACS devrait être fait au moins 24 heures suivant une période d'exercice.
© 2022 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2022-06-19 PubMed ID: 35569120DOI: 10.1111/evj.13586Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Controlled Clinical Trial
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores the impact of intensive exercise on the cytokine concentration in autologous conditioned serum (ACS), a treatment used for osteoarthritis in athletic horses. The investigation centered around Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentrations. Findings suggested that intense exercise could decrease the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1Ra, and increase pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, altering the anti-inflammatory composition of ACS.

Research Objective

  • The primary purpose of this research was to examine the influence of heavy exercise on the concentration of certain cytokines in ACS produced non-commercially. Cytokines are a type of protein that plays a key role in cell signaling and can stimulate the movement of cells towards sites of inflammation, infection, and trauma.

Methods

  • The research adopted a non-randomised cross-over design and utilized blood samples from eight healthy Standardbred horses before and after a single session of exhaustive exercise.
  • The ACS production was carried out using a non-commercial method.
  • The researchers used Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay (FMIA) analysis to measure the IL-1Ra, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations at each time point.
  • The researchers used Mixed Effect Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to compare cytokine concentrations before and after exercise.

Results

  • The results showed a reduced concentration of IL-1Ra and an increased concentration of TNF-α at 1 hour post-exercise when compared with baseline values.
  • No significant difference was noted in cytokine concentrations of IL-10 or IL-1β at any of the time points.
  • The research concludes that intense exercise can decrease IL-1Ra (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) and increase TNF-α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine), thereby reducing the anti-inflammatory cytokine composition of ACS.

Conclusions and Limitations

  • The researchers highlighted that their study has potential limitations, such as the large biological variability and the small sample size.
  • Despite this, their findings imply that the collection of blood for ACS production should ideally be performed at least 24 hours after a session of intense exercise to ensure a more efficacious cytokine composition in ACS.

Cite This Article

APA
Hale JN, Hughes KJ, Hall S, Labens R. (2022). The effect of exercise on cytokine concentration in equine autologous conditioned serum. Equine Vet J, 55(3), 551-556. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13586

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 3
Pages: 551-556

Researcher Affiliations

Hale, Josephine N
  • School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Hughes, Kristopher J
  • School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Hall, Sarah
  • Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK.
Labens, Raphael
  • School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cytokines
  • Horses
  • Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
  • Interleukin-10
  • Serum
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Cross-Over Studies

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Johnson SE, Barshick MR, Gonzalez ML, Riley JW, Pelletier ME, Castanho BC, Ealy EN. A Carnitine-Containing Product Improves Aspects of Post-Exercise Recovery in Adult Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 14;13(4).
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  2. Roth SP, Liso G, Brehm W, Wagner B, Schnabel CL, Troillet A. Selected cytokine and chemokine concentrations in equine autologous conditioned serum are similar under defined and practically relevant storage conditions. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1588240.
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  3. Barshick MR, Ely KM, Mogge KC, Chance LM, Johnson SE. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Supplementation in Adult Horses Supports Improved Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Gene Expression Following Exercise. Animals (Basel) 2025 Jan 14;15(2).
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