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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / The Effect of Noseband Tightening on Horses’ Behavior,...
PloS one2016; 11(5); e0154179; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154179

The Effect of Noseband Tightening on Horses’ Behavior, Eye Temperature, and Cardiac Responses.

Abstract: Restrictive nosebands are common in equestrian sport. This is concerning, as recent evidence suggests that very tight nosebands can cause a physiological stress response, and may compromise welfare. The objective of the current study was to investigate relationships that noseband tightness has with oral behavior and with physiological changes that indicate a stress response, such as increases in eye temperature (measured with infrared thermography) and heart rate and decreases in heart rate variability (HRV). Horses (n = 12) wearing a double bridle and crank noseband, as is common in dressage at elite levels, were randomly assigned to four treatments: unfastened noseband (UN), conventional area under noseband (CAUN) with two fingers of space available under the noseband, half conventional area under noseband (HCAUN) with one finger of space under the noseband, and no area under the noseband (NAUN). During the tightest treatment (NAUN), horse heart rate increased (P = 0.003), HRV decreased (P < 0.001), and eye temperature increased (P = 0.011) compared with baseline readings, indicating a physiological stress response. The behavioral results suggest some effects from bits alone but the chief findings are the physiological readings that reflect responses to the nosebands at their tightest. Chewing decreased during the HCAUN (P < 0.001) and NAUN (P < 0.001) treatments. Yawning rates were negligible in all treatments. Similarly, licking was eliminated by the NAUN treatment. Following the removal of the noseband and double bridle during the recovery session, yawning (P = 0.015), swallowing (P = 0.003), and licking (P < 0.001) significantly increased compared with baseline, indicating a post-inhibitory rebound response. This suggests a rise in motivation to perform these behaviors and implies that their inhibition may place horses in a state of deprivation. It is evident that a very tight noseband can cause physiological stress responses and inhibit the expression of oral behaviors.
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Publication Date: 2016-05-03 PubMed ID: 27140187PubMed Central: PMC4854461DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154179Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the relationship between the tightness of a horse’s noseband (a common piece of equestrian equipment) and its impact on the horse’s stress levels and behaviors. The research found that very tight nosebands can lead to physiological stress responses and inhibit natural oral behaviors in horses.

Research Methodology

  • The research involved 12 horses wearing a double bridle and crank noseband, a type of gear typically used in elite dressage events.
  • The horses were randomly assigned to four different treatments: unfastened noseband (UN), conventional area under noseband (CAUN) with two fingers of space available under the noseband, half conventional area under noseband (HCAUN) with one finger of space under the noseband, and no area under the noseband (NAUN).

Measurements and Observations

  • The researchers measured physiological changes indicative of stress responses. This includes increased heart rate, decreased heart rate variability (HRV), and increased eye temperature (measured using infrared thermography).
  • Behaviors like chewing, yawning, and licking were also monitored to observe if there were any variations based on the tightness of the noseband.
  • On removal of the noseband, there was a rebound in yawning, swallowing, and licking compared to their baseline rates, suggesting a rise in the motivation to perform these suppressed behaviors. This suggested that inhibiting these actions possibly placed the horses in a state of deprivation.

Research Findings

  • During the NAUN treatment (no area under the noseband), the horses’ heart rate increased and HRV decreased compared to their baselines, indicating a physiological stress response.
  • Eye temperature also increased during NAUN treatment, underlining the physiological stress placed on the horses.
  • Chewing decreased significantly during the HCAUN (one finger of space under the noseband) and NAUN treatments, suggesting that the noseband tightness inhibited normal oral behaviors.
  • Licking was entirely eliminated by the NAUN treatment, further confirming that extreme tightness of a noseband can negatively impact normal horse behaviors.
  • Yawning rates were negligible across all treatments.

Implications of Findings

  • The findings suggest that very tight nosebands, commonly used in equestrian sports, can cause physiological stress responses in horses and inhibit their natural oral behaviors.
  • This has welfare implications suggesting a need for a review in guidelines for the use of nosebands in equestrian practices and possibly the design of this equipment to ensure the comfort and well-being of horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Fenner K, Yoon S, White P, Starling M, McGreevy P. (2016). The Effect of Noseband Tightening on Horses’ Behavior, Eye Temperature, and Cardiac Responses. PLoS One, 11(5), e0154179. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154179

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Pages: e0154179

Researcher Affiliations

Fenner, Kate
  • Kandoo Equine, Towrang, New South Wales, Australia.
Yoon, Samuel
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
White, Peter
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Starling, Melissa
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
McGreevy, Paul
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Behavior, Animal
  • Body Temperature
  • Eye
  • Heart Rate
  • Horses / physiology
  • Restraint, Physical / physiology
  • Software
  • Stress, Physiological

Conflict of Interest Statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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