FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Journal of andrology2000; 21(6); 895-902;

The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated through the use of the xanthine (X)-xanthine oxidase (XO) system, on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation. Equine spermatozoa were separated from seminal plasma on a discontinuous Percoll gradient, and spermatozoa were incubated with 0.6 mM X and 0.05 U/mL XO for 30 minutes. Catalase (150 U/mL), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 150 U/mL), or glutathione (GSH, 1.5 mM) were evaluated for their ability to preserve sperm function in the presence of the induced oxidative stress. At the end of the 30-minute incubation, sperm motility was determined by computer-assisted semen analysis. Viability and acrosomal integrity were determined by Hoechst-Pisum sativum staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by staining with JC-1. Incubation with the X-XO system led to a significant (P < .01) increase in hydrogen peroxide production and an associated decrease (P < .01) in motility parameters. Total motility was significantly (P < .01) lower in the presence of X-XO compared with the case of the control (29%+/-9% vs 73%+/-1%, respectively). Catalase, but not SOD, prevented a decline in motility secondary to oxidative stress (71%+/-4% vs 30%+/-3%, respectively). The addition of glutathione had an intermediate effect in preserving sperm motility at the end of the 30-minute incubation (53%+/-3%). No influence of X-XO could be determined on viability, acrosomal integrity, or mitochondrial membrane potential. In order to promote lipid peroxidation, samples were incubated with ferrous sulfate (0.64 mM) and sodium ascorbate (20 mM) for 2 hours after the X-XO incubation. No increase in membrane lipid peroxidation was detected. This study indicates that hydrogen peroxide is the major ROS responsible for damage to equine spermatozoa. The decrease in sperm motility associated with ROS occurs in the absence of any detectable decrease in viability, acrosomal integrity, or mitochondrial membrane potential or of any detectable increase in lipid peroxidation.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2000-12-06 PubMed ID: 11105916
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study investigates the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on equine sperm processes like motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity. The study concludes that hydrogen peroxide, a type of ROS, significantly hinders sperm motility without noticeably affecting other sperm attributes such as viability, acrosomal integrity, or mitochondrial membrane potential.

Study Methodology

  • The researchers separated equine spermatozoa from seminal plasma on a discontinuous Percoll gradient. They then incubated the spermatozoa with xanthine (X) and xanthine oxidase (XO), intending to generate ROS.
  • Next, they evaluated the ability of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) to preserve sperm function in the presence of the induced oxidative stress.
  • The research team used computer-assisted semen analysis to determine sperm motility after the 30-minute incubation. Viability and acrosomal integrity were assessed by employing Hoechst-Pisum sativum staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by staining with JC-1.

Study Findings

  • The incubation with X-XO led to a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide production and a corresponding decrease in motility parameters.
  • Total motility was significantly lower with X-XO than in control groups.
  • Catalase prevented declined motility due to oxidative stress, while SOD did not demonstrate a similar effect. Glutathione showed a moderate ability to preserve sperm motility.
  • The X-XO system had no significant effect on viability, acrosomal integrity, or mitochondrial membrane potential.
  • The research team attempted to promote lipid peroxidation by incubating the samples with ferrous sulfate and sodium ascorbate post X-XO incubation, however, no increase in membrane lipid peroxidation was witnessed.

Study Conclusion

This research indicates that hydrogen peroxide, a type of ROS, is primarily responsible for damage to equine spermatozoa. Particularly, it has the significant effect of decreasing sperm motility. The study didn’t find any noticeable effect on sperm viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, or lipid peroxidation. This suggests that the detrimental effects of ROS on equine sperm are relatively specific, primarily impacting sperm motility.

Cite This Article

APA
Baumber J, Ball BA, Gravance CG, Medina V, Davies-Morel MC. (2000). The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation. J Androl, 21(6), 895-902.

Publication

Journal of andrology
ISSN: 0196-3635
NlmUniqueID: 8106453
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 6
Pages: 895-902

Researcher Affiliations

Baumber, J
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Ball, B A
    Gravance, C G
      Medina, V
        Davies-Morel, M C

          MeSH Terms

          • Acrosome / physiology
          • Acrosome / ultrastructure
          • Animals
          • Catalase / metabolism
          • Cell Survival
          • Glutathione / metabolism
          • Horses
          • In Vitro Techniques
          • Intracellular Membranes / physiology
          • Male
          • Membrane Potentials
          • Mitochondria / physiology
          • Reactive Oxygen Species
          • Sperm Motility
          • Spermatozoa / cytology
          • Spermatozoa / drug effects
          • Spermatozoa / physiology
          • Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
          • Xanthine / metabolism
          • Xanthine / pharmacology
          • Xanthine Oxidase / metabolism
          • Xanthine Oxidase / pharmacology

          Citations

          This article has been cited 85 times.
          1. Gholami D, Sharafi M, Esmaeili V, Nadri T, Alaei L, Riazi G, Shahverdi A. Beneficial effects of trehalose and gentiobiose on human sperm cryopreservation. PLoS One 2023;18(4):e0271210.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271210pubmed: 37053285google scholar: lookup
          2. Salimi A, Eslami M, Farrokhi-Ardabili F. Influence of trans-ferulic acid on the quality of ram semen upon cold preservation. Vet Med Sci 2023 May;9(3):1369-1378.
            doi: 10.1002/vms3.1117pubmed: 36913307google scholar: lookup
          3. Yu Y, Gu M, Huang H, Cheng S, Deng Y, Cai C, Chen X, Niu H, Ning X, Hua W. Combined association of triglyceride-glucose index and systolic blood pressure with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the general population. J Transl Med 2022 Oct 20;20(1):478.
            doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03678-zpubmed: 36266665google scholar: lookup
          4. Ruiz-Valderrama L, Posadas-Rodríguez J, Bonilla-Jaime H, Tarragó-Castellanos MDR, González-Márquez H, Arrieta-Cruz I, González-Núñez L, Salame-Méndez A, Rodríguez-Tobón A, Morales-Méndez JG, Arenas-Ríos E. Sperm Dysfunction in the Testes and Epididymides due to Overweight and Obesity Is Not Caused by Oxidative Stress. Int J Endocrinol 2022;2022:3734572.
            doi: 10.1155/2022/3734572pubmed: 36263361google scholar: lookup
          5. Nazif MS, Rehman ZU, Khan H, Khan FA, Hussain T, Ahmad A, Farmanullah, Husnain A, Muhammad S, Murtaza G, Gang L. Glycine Improved Cryopreserved Spermatozoa Quality in Achai Bull. Biomed Res Int 2022;2022:8282387.
            doi: 10.1155/2022/8282387pubmed: 35968237google scholar: lookup
          6. Catalán J, Yánez-Ortiz I, Tvarijonaviciute A, González-Aróstegui LG, Rubio CP, Barranco I, Yeste M, Miró J. Seminal Plasma Antioxidants Are Related to Sperm Cryotolerance in the Horse. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 Jun 28;11(7).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox11071279pubmed: 35883774google scholar: lookup
          7. Ajisebiola BS, Alamu PI, James AS, Adeyi AO. Echis ocellatus Venom-Induced Reproductive Pathologies in Rat Model; Roles of Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Toxins (Basel) 2022 May 29;14(6).
            doi: 10.3390/toxins14060378pubmed: 35737039google scholar: lookup
          8. Kumar T, Kumar P, Saini N, Bhalothia SK, Prakash C, Mahla AS, Kumar A. Shielding effect of melatonin improves seminal quality and oxidative stress indices during chilled storage of ram semen. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022 Jun 3;54(3):197.
            doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03135-5pubmed: 35662381google scholar: lookup
          9. Liman MS, Hassen A, McGaw LJ, Sutovsky P, Holm DE. Potential Use of Tannin Extracts as Additives in Semen Destined for Cryopreservation: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 28;12(9).
            doi: 10.3390/ani12091130pubmed: 35565556google scholar: lookup
          10. Nazar-Zadeh M, Jalili C, Nikgoftar Fathi A, Ghanbari A, Bakhtiari M. Royal-jelly-based apitherapy can attenuate damages to male reproductive parameter following nicotine administration. Animal Model Exp Med 2022 Apr;5(2):133-140.
            doi: 10.1002/ame2.12217pubmed: 35274495google scholar: lookup
          11. Gerzilov V, Alexandrova A, Andreeva M, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Petrov P, Stefanov R. Effect of prooxidants and chelator Desferal on the oxidative status and sperm motility of Muscovy semen. Toxicol Rep 2022;9:276-283.
            doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.02.006pubmed: 35256999google scholar: lookup
          12. Dobler R, Charette M, Kaplan K, Turnell BR, Reinhardt K. Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2022 Feb;12(2):e8567.
            doi: 10.1002/ece3.8567pubmed: 35222953google scholar: lookup
          13. Catalán J, Yánez-Ortiz I, Tvarijonaviciute A, González-Arostegui LG, Rubio CP, Yeste M, Miró J, Barranco I. Impact of Seminal Plasma Antioxidants on Donkey Sperm Cryotolerance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 Feb 18;11(2).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox11020417pubmed: 35204299google scholar: lookup
          14. Kumari S, Tevatiya S, Rani J, Das De T, Chauhan C, Sharma P, Sah R, Singh S, Pandey KC, Pande V, Dixit R. A testis-expressing heme peroxidase HPX12 regulates male fertility in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Sci Rep 2022 Feb 16;12(1):2597.
            doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06531-xpubmed: 35173215google scholar: lookup
          15. Medica AJ, Aitken RJ, Nicolson GL, Sheridan AR, Swegen A, De Iuliis GN, Gibb Z. Glycerophospholipids protect stallion spermatozoa from oxidative damage in vitro. Reprod Fertil 2021 Jul;2(3):199-209.
            doi: 10.1530/RAF-21-0028pubmed: 35118390google scholar: lookup
          16. Jumintono J, Alkubaisy S, Yánez Silva D, Singh K, Turki Jalil A, Mutia Syarifah S, Fakri Mustafa Y, Mikolaychik I, Morozova L, Derkho. Effect of Cystamine on Sperm and Antioxidant Parameters of Ram Semen Stored at 4 °C for 50 Hours. Arch Razi Inst 2021 Oct;76(4):1115-1123.
            doi: 10.22092/ari.2021.355901.1735pubmed: 35096306google scholar: lookup
          17. Partyka A, Niżański W. Supplementation of Avian Semen Extenders with Antioxidants to Improve Semen Quality-Is It an Effective Strategy?. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Nov 30;10(12).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox10121927pubmed: 34943030google scholar: lookup
          18. Orsolini MF, Meyers SA, Dini P. An Update on Semen Physiology, Technologies, and Selection Techniques for the Advancement of In Vitro Equine Embryo Production: Section II. Animals (Basel) 2021 Nov 20;11(11).
            doi: 10.3390/ani11113319pubmed: 34828049google scholar: lookup
          19. Orsolini MF, Meyers SA, Dini P. An Update on Semen Physiology, Technologies, and Selection Techniques for the Advancement of In Vitro Equine Embryo Production: Section I. Animals (Basel) 2021 Nov 13;11(11).
            doi: 10.3390/ani11113248pubmed: 34827983google scholar: lookup
          20. Amiri G, Gholami M, Assadollahi V, Nemati A, Fathi F, Rostami T, Moloudi MR, Alasvand M. Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on the Expression of Developmental and Apoptosis Genes of Testicular Tissue in 6-Day-Old NMRI Mice Fetuses. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022 Jul;200(7):3265-3274.
            doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02939-0pubmed: 34599428google scholar: lookup
          21. Yánez-Ortiz I, Catalán J, Mateo-Otero Y, Dordas-Perpinyà M, Gacem S, Yeste N, Bassols A, Yeste M, Miró J. Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production in Fresh Donkey Sperm Exposed to Reductive Stress, Oxidative Stress and NETosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Aug 27;10(9).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox10091367pubmed: 34572999google scholar: lookup
          22. Barranco I, Rubio CP, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Roca J. Measurement of Oxidative Stress Index in Seminal Plasma Can Predict In Vivo Fertility of Liquid-Stored Porcine Artificial Insemination Semen Doses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Jul 27;10(8).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox10081203pubmed: 34439450google scholar: lookup
          23. Tvrdá E, Lovíšek D, Kyzek S, Kováčik D, Gálová E. The Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma on the Structural and Functional Characteristics of Human Spermatozoa. Int J Mol Sci 2021 May 7;22(9).
            doi: 10.3390/ijms22094979pubmed: 34067102google scholar: lookup
          24. Bazzano M, Laus F, Spaterna A, Marchegiani A. Use of nutraceuticals in the stallion: Effects on semen quality and preservation. Reprod Domest Anim 2021 Jul;56(7):951-957.
            doi: 10.1111/rda.13934pubmed: 33772909google scholar: lookup
          25. Zhang B, Wang Y, Wu C, Qiu S, Chen X, Cai B, Xie H. Freeze-thawing impairs the motility, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondria function of boar spermatozoa through generating excessive ROS. BMC Vet Res 2021 Mar 22;17(1):127.
            doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02804-1pubmed: 33752649google scholar: lookup
          26. Wongrattanakamon P, Yooin W, Sirithunyalug B, Nimmanpipug P, Jiranusornkul S. Tentative Peptide‒Lipid Bilayer Models Elucidating Molecular Behaviors and Interactions Driving Passive Cellular Uptake of Collagen-Derived Small Peptides. Molecules 2021 Jan 29;26(3).
            doi: 10.3390/molecules26030710pubmed: 33573083google scholar: lookup
          27. Hitit M, Ugur MR, Dinh TTN, Sajeev D, Kaya A, Topper E, Tan W, Memili E. Cellular and Functional Physiopathology of Bull Sperm With Altered Sperm Freezability. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:581137.
            doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.581137pubmed: 33195596google scholar: lookup
          28. Jahanbin R, Yazdanshenas P, Rahimi M, Hajarizadeh A, Tvrda E, Nazari SA, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Ghanem N. In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of Bull Semen Processed with Zinc (Zn) Nanoparticles. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021 Jan;199(1):126-135.
            doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02153-4pubmed: 32495179google scholar: lookup
          29. Rubio-Riquelme N, Huerta-Retamal N, Gómez-Torres MJ, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Catalase as a Molecular Target for Male Infertility Diagnosis and Monitoring: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020 Jan 16;9(1).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox9010078pubmed: 31963256google scholar: lookup
          30. Shahin MA, Khalil WA, Saadeldin IM, Swelum AA, El-Harairy MA. Comparison between the Effects of Adding Vitamins, Trace Elements, and Nanoparticles to SHOTOR Extender on the Cryopreservation of Dromedary Camel Epididymal Spermatozoa. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jan 2;10(1).
            doi: 10.3390/ani10010078pubmed: 31906462google scholar: lookup
          31. Villaverde AISB, Netherton J, Baker MA. From Past to Present: The Link Between Reactive Oxygen Species in Sperm and Male Infertility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019 Dec 3;8(12).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox8120616pubmed: 31817049google scholar: lookup
          32. ChaithraShree AR, Ingole SD, Dighe VD, Nagvekar AS, Bharucha SV, Dagli NR, Kekan PM, Kharde SD. Effect of melatonin on bovine sperm characteristics and ultrastructure changes following cryopreservation. Vet Med Sci 2020 May;6(2):177-186.
            doi: 10.1002/vms3.224pubmed: 31797577google scholar: lookup
          33. Papas M, Catalán J, Fernandez-Fuertes B, Arroyo L, Bassols A, Miró J, Yeste M. Specific Activity of Superoxide Dismutase in Stallion Seminal Plasma Is Related to Sperm Cryotolerance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019 Nov 9;8(11).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox8110539pubmed: 31717586google scholar: lookup
          34. Lin Y, Li L, Li Y, Wang K, Wei D, Xu S, Feng B, Che L, Fang Z, Li J, Zhuo Y, Wu D. Interpretation of Fiber Supplementation on Offspring Testicular Development in a Pregnant Sow Model from a Proteomics Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Sep 13;20(18).
            doi: 10.3390/ijms20184549pubmed: 31540305google scholar: lookup
          35. Tvrda E, Straka P, Galbavy D, Ivanic P. Epicatechin Provides Antioxidant Protection to Bovine Spermatozoa Subjected to Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2019 Sep 5;24(18).
            doi: 10.3390/molecules24183226pubmed: 31491847google scholar: lookup
          36. Feng Y, Li X, Guo S, Chen X, Chen T, He Y, Shabala S, Yu M. Extracellular silica nanocoat formed by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly confers aluminum resistance in root border cells of pea (Pisum sativum). J Nanobiotechnology 2019 Apr 16;17(1):53.
            doi: 10.1186/s12951-019-0486-ypubmed: 30992069google scholar: lookup
          37. Bucak MN, Bodu M, Başpınar N, Güngör Ş, İli P, Acibaeva B, Topraggaleh TR, Dursun Ş. Influence of Ellagic Acid and Ebselen on Sperm and Oxidative Stress Parameters during Liquid Preservation of Ram Semen. Cell J 2019 Apr;21(1):7-13.
            doi: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5593pubmed: 30507083google scholar: lookup
          38. Umehara T, Kawai T, Goto M, Richards JS, Shimada M. Creatine enhances the duration of sperm capacitation: a novel factor for improving in vitro fertilization with small numbers of sperm. Hum Reprod 2018 Jun 1;33(6):1117-1129.
            doi: 10.1093/humrep/dey081pubmed: 29635630google scholar: lookup
          39. Sudheer Kumar C, Swamy MJ. Modulation of chaperone-like and membranolytic activities of major horse seminal plasma protein HSP-1/2 by L-carnitine. J Biosci 2017 Sep;42(3):469-479.
            doi: 10.1007/s12038-017-9693-6pubmed: 29358560google scholar: lookup
          40. Tulloch LB, Menzies SK, Fraser AL, Gould ER, King EF, Zacharova MK, Florence GJ, Smith TK. Photo-affinity labelling and biochemical analyses identify the target of trypanocidal simplified natural product analogues. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Sep;11(9):e0005886.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005886pubmed: 28873407google scholar: lookup
          41. Santana VP, Miranda-Furtado CL, de Oliveira-Gennaro FG, Dos Reis RM. Genetics and epigenetics of varicocele pathophysiology: an overview. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017 Jul;34(7):839-847.
            doi: 10.1007/s10815-017-0931-5pubmed: 28523408google scholar: lookup
          42. Dhanushka MA, Peiris LD. Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Acephate on Human Sperm. J Toxicol 2017;2017:3874817.
            doi: 10.1155/2017/3874817pubmed: 28392800google scholar: lookup
          43. Nguyen TM. Impact of 5'-amp-activated Protein Kinase on Male Gonad and Spermatozoa Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017;5:25.
            doi: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00025pubmed: 28386541google scholar: lookup
          44. Sposito C, Camargo M, Tibaldi DS, Barradas V, Cedenho AP, Nichi M, Bertolla RP, Spaine DM. Antioxidant enzyme profile and lipid peroxidation products in semen samples of testicular germ cell tumor patients submitted to orchiectomy. Int Braz J Urol 2017 Jul-Aug;43(4):644-651.
            doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2016.0323pubmed: 28266817google scholar: lookup
          45. Coffua LS, Martin-DeLeon PA. Effectiveness of a walnut-enriched diet on murine sperm: involvement of reduced peroxidative damage. Heliyon 2017 Feb;3(2):e00250.
            doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00250pubmed: 28239673google scholar: lookup
          46. Sharma L, Pandey V, Nigam R, Saxena A, Swain DK, Yadav B. Association of oxidative status and semen characteristics with seminal plasma proteins of buffalo semen. Iran J Vet Res 2016 Fall;17(4):226-230.
            pubmed: 28224004
          47. Tvrdá E, Kováčik A, Tušimová E, Paál D, Mackovich A, Alimov J, Lukáč N. Antioxidant efficiency of lycopene on oxidative stress - induced damage in bovine spermatozoa. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016;7(1):50.
            doi: 10.1186/s40104-016-0113-9pubmed: 27602206google scholar: lookup
          48. Takeda N, Yoshinaga K, Furushima K, Takamune K, Li Z, Abe S, Aizawa S, Yamamura K. Viable offspring obtained from Prm1-deficient sperm in mice. Sci Rep 2016 Jun 2;6:27409.
            doi: 10.1038/srep27409pubmed: 27250771google scholar: lookup
          49. Noei Razliqi R, Zhandi M, Shakeri M, Towhidi A, Sharafi M, Emamverdi M, Khodaei Motlagh M. Protective role of glutathione in buck semen cryopreservation. Iran J Vet Res 2015 Summer;16(3):298-300.
            pubmed: 27175193
          50. Heydari MJ, Mohammadzadeh S, Kheradmand A, Alirezaei M. Effect of dietary Satureja khuzistanica powder on semen characteristics and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration in testicular tissue of Iranian native breeder rooster. Iran J Vet Res 2015 Summer;16(3):255-60.
            pubmed: 27175185
          51. Purdey MS, Thompson JG, Monro TM, Abell AD, Schartner EP. A Dual Sensor for pH and Hydrogen Peroxide Using Polymer-Coated Optical Fibre Tips. Sensors (Basel) 2015 Dec 17;15(12):31904-13.
            doi: 10.3390/s151229893pubmed: 26694413google scholar: lookup
          52. Kobyliak NM, Falalyeyeva TM, Kuryk OG, Beregova TV, Bodnar PM, Zholobak NM, Shcherbakov OB, Bubnov RV, Spivak MY. Antioxidative effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles ameliorate age-related male infertility: optimistic results in rats and the review of clinical clues for integrative concept of men health and fertility. EPMA J 2015;6(1):12.
            doi: 10.1186/s13167-015-0034-2pubmed: 26097523google scholar: lookup
          53. Yousefniapasha Y, Jorsaraei G, Gholinezhadchari M, Mahjoub S, Hajiahmadi M, Farsi M. Nitric oxide levels and total antioxidant capacity in the seminal plasma of infertile smoking men. Cell J 2015 Spring;17(1):129-36.
            doi: 10.22074/cellj.2015.519pubmed: 25870842google scholar: lookup
          54. Azawi OI, Hussein EK. Effect of vitamins C or E supplementation to Tris diluent on the semen quality of Awassi rams preserved at 5 ˚C. Vet Res Forum 2013 Summer;4(3):157-60.
            pubmed: 25653790
          55. Smith MA, Michael R, Aravindan RG, Dash S, Shah SI, Galileo DS, Martin-DeLeon PA. Anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice: evidence for induced structural and functional sperm defects after short-, but not long-, term exposure. Asian J Androl 2015 Mar-Apr;17(2):261-8.
            doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.143247pubmed: 25370207google scholar: lookup
          56. Giribabu N, Kumar KE, Rekha SS, Muniandy S, Salleh N. Chlorophytum borivilianum (Safed Musli) root extract prevents impairment in characteristics and elevation of oxidative stress in sperm of streptozotocin-induced adult male diabetic Wistar rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014 Aug 8;14:291.
            doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-291pubmed: 25104050google scholar: lookup
          57. Shaliutina-Kolešová A, Gazo I, Cosson J, Linhart O. Protection of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spermatozoa motility under oxidative stress by antioxidants and seminal plasma. Fish Physiol Biochem 2014 Dec;40(6):1771-81.
            doi: 10.1007/s10695-014-9966-zpubmed: 25079247google scholar: lookup
          58. Gil L, Galindo-Cardiel I, Malo C, González N, Alvarez C. Effect of Cholesterol and Equex-STM Addition to an Egg Yolk Extender on Pure Spanish Stallion Cryopreserved Sperm. ISRN Vet Sci 2013;2013:280143.
            doi: 10.1155/2013/280143pubmed: 24416597google scholar: lookup
          59. Aitken RJ, Smith TB, Jobling MS, Baker MA, De Iuliis GN. Oxidative stress and male reproductive health. Asian J Androl 2014 Jan-Feb;16(1):31-8.
            doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.122203pubmed: 24369131google scholar: lookup
          60. Ghaffari MA, Rostami M. Lipid Peroxidation and Nitric Oxide Levels in Male Smokers' Spermatozoa and their Relation with Sperm Motility. J Reprod Infertil 2012 Apr;13(2):81-7.
            pubmed: 23926529
          61. Singh AP, Sarkar S, Tripathi M, Rajender S. Mucuna pruriens and its major constituent L-DOPA recover spermatogenic loss by combating ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. PLoS One 2013;8(1):e54655.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054655pubmed: 23349947google scholar: lookup
          62. Hagedorn M, McCarthy M, Carter VL, Meyers SA. Oxidative stress in zebrafish (Danio rerio) sperm. PLoS One 2012;7(6):e39397.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039397pubmed: 22724013google scholar: lookup
          63. Lam PM, Mistry V, Marczylo TH, Konje JC, Evans MD, Cooke MS. Rapid measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in human biological matrices using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2012 May 15;52(10):2057-63.
            doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.004pubmed: 22542794google scholar: lookup
          64. McCarthy MJ, Meyers SA. Antioxidant treatment in the absence of exogenous lipids and proteins protects rhesus macaque sperm from cryopreservation-induced cell membrane damage. Theriogenology 2011 Jul 1;76(1):168-76.
            doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.01.029pubmed: 21458048google scholar: lookup
          65. McCarthy MJ, Baumber J, Kass PH, Meyers SA. Osmotic stress induces oxidative cell damage to rhesus macaque spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 2010 Mar;82(3):644-51.
            doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.080507pubmed: 19846599google scholar: lookup
          66. Datta U, Chandra Sekar M, Hembram ML, Dasgupta R. Development of a new method to preserve caprine cauda epididymal spermatozoa in-situ at -10 degrees C with electrolyte free medium. J Assist Reprod Genet 2009 Aug;26(8):467-73.
            doi: 10.1007/s10815-009-9344-4pubmed: 19760167google scholar: lookup
          67. de la Monte SM, Tong M. Mechanisms of nitrosamine-mediated neurodegeneration: potential relevance to sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2009;17(4):817-25.
            doi: 10.3233/JAD-2009-1098pubmed: 19542621google scholar: lookup
          68. Kaya C, Can C, Esin B, Dünder E, Çevik M, Akar M. Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles and Sodium Selenite Supplementation on Cryopreserved Ram Sperm Quality, Oxidative Status, and PRDX5 Gene Expression. Animals (Basel) 2026 Feb 1;16(3).
            doi: 10.3390/ani16030457pubmed: 41681437google scholar: lookup
          69. Strassner FM, Demattio L, Siuda M, Malama E, Muffels G, Bollwein H. Relationships Between Metabolism of Cryopreserved Equine Sperm Determined by the Seahorse Analyzer and Sperm Characteristics Measured by Flow Cytometry and Computer-Assisted Analysis of Motility. Vet Sci 2025 Nov 21;12(12).
            doi: 10.3390/vetsci12121109pubmed: 41472089google scholar: lookup
          70. Liu P, Deng Y, Tu D, Gong J, Zhang F, Liu H, Li Q, Hu J, Ge G. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyze oxidative metabolism of pectolinarigenin to generate a more active Nrf2 agonist. Chin Herb Med 2025 Oct;17(4):779-789.
            doi: 10.1016/j.chmed.2025.04.008pubmed: 41399787google scholar: lookup
          71. Bashar MA, Akhtar MM, Shejuty SF, Deb GK, Ahmed S, Khandoker MAMY. Effect of glutathione, ascorbic acid, and their combination on the quality and fertility of cryopreserved spermatozoa of Black Bengal buck. Vet Anim Sci 2025 Dec;30:100549.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100549pubmed: 41399703google scholar: lookup
          72. Ma X, Xu X, Wang M, Ma J, Zhang H, Yang F, Cong M, Shao Z, Aziz T, Qiu Y, Zhang S, Deng S. Transcriptome analyses reveal the fertility defect in the Dp(16)1Yey/+ mouse model of Down syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2026 Feb;43(2):503-519.
            doi: 10.1007/s10815-025-03767-0pubmed: 41366178google scholar: lookup
          73. Wang R, Adetunji AO, Min L, Zhu Z. Mitochonic acid 5 increases boar sperm quality by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2025;13:1583951.
            doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1583951pubmed: 40589524google scholar: lookup
          74. Nguyen BH, Tran HQ, Pham QM, Tran KV. Ejaculatory abstinence and its impacts on within- and between-individual variations in semen parameters of 9,595 Vietnamese men. Transl Androl Urol 2025 Feb 28;14(2):389-401.
            doi: 10.21037/tau-24-553pubmed: 40114824google scholar: lookup
          75. Almasi S, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Rezvani MR, Ramezani M, Salehi I, Javid-Moghadam S, Komaki A. Effect of biotin supplementation and swimming training on oxidative stress and testicular function in male rats. Heliyon 2025 Feb 28;11(4):e42468.
            doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42468pubmed: 40034288google scholar: lookup
          76. Chavas C, Sapanidou VG, Feidantsis K, Lavrentiadou SN, Mavrogianni D, Zarogoulidou I, Fletouris DJ, Tsantarliotou MP. Treatment with Pterostilbene Ameliorates the Antioxidant Status of Bovine Spermatozoa and Modulates Cell Death Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024 Nov 22;13(12).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox13121437pubmed: 39765765google scholar: lookup
          77. Amiri M, Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M, Sharifianjazi F. Innovative ultrasound assisted synthesis of sponge like cerium dioxide nanostructure using Rosa Damascena extract and its efficient performance for cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2025 Jan 6;15(1):933.
            doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85137-5pubmed: 39762334google scholar: lookup
          78. Díaz Ruiz E, Delgado Bermejo JV, León Jurado JM, Navas González FJ, Arando Arbulu A, Fernández-Bolaños Guzmán J, Bermúdez Oria A, González Ariza A. Effect of Supplementation of a Cryopreservation Extender with Pectoliv30 on Post-Thawing Semen Quality Parameters in Rooster Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024 Aug 21;13(8).
            doi: 10.3390/antiox13081018pubmed: 39199262google scholar: lookup
          79. Abdelnaby EA, Fathi M, Salem NY, Ramadan ES, Yehia SG, Emam IA, Salama A, Samir H, El-Sherbiny HR. Outcomes of dietary alpha-lipoic acid on testicular vascularization, steroid hormones, and seminal quality in aged Baladi bucks. BMC Vet Res 2024 Jul 5;20(1):293.
            doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04134-4pubmed: 38969980google scholar: lookup
          80. Liu Z, Wang J, Yue Z, Wang J, Dou T, Chen T, Li J, Dai H, Yu J. Study of cabbage antioxidant system response on early infection stage of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. BMC Plant Biol 2024 Apr 24;24(1):324.
            doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-04994-wpubmed: 38658831google scholar: lookup
          81. Hakimi F, Karimi Torshizi MA, Hezavehei M, Sharafi M. Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Rooster Semen Cryopreservation. Biopreserv Biobank 2024 Dec;22(6):609-615.
            doi: 10.1089/bio.2023.0103pubmed: 38634668google scholar: lookup
          82. Prastowo S, Widyastuti R, Jaswandi J, Boediono A. Fertility testing of preserved epididymal sperm by microinjection: A model for the rescue and utilization of genetically superior animals. Open Vet J 2024 Feb;14(2):707-715.
            doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i2.11pubmed: 38549579google scholar: lookup
          83. Wang R, Liu L, Min L, Adetunji AO, Kou X, Zhou K, Zhu Z. Mitochonic Acid 5 Increases Ram Sperm Quality by Improving Mitochondrial Function during Storage at 4 °C. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jan 23;14(3).
            doi: 10.3390/ani14030368pubmed: 38338011google scholar: lookup
          84. Egyptien S, Deleuze S, Ledeck J, Ponthier J. Sperm Quality Assessment in Stallions: How to Choose Relevant Assays to Answer Clinical Questions. Animals (Basel) 2023 Oct 6;13(19).
            doi: 10.3390/ani13193123pubmed: 37835729google scholar: lookup
          85. Saratsi A, Samartzi F, Panagiotidis I, Basioura A, Tsiokos D, Ligda C, Rekkas CA. Post-Thaw Parameters of Buck Semen Quality after Soy Lecithin Extender Supplementation with Fumaric Acid. Vet Sci 2023 Sep 12;10(9).
            doi: 10.3390/vetsci10090569pubmed: 37756091google scholar: lookup
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 99,658 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.