The effect of semen extender, seminal plasma and raw semen on uterine and ovarian blood flow in mares.
Abstract: Transrectal color Doppler sonography was used to evaluate the effect of intrauterine infusion of skim milk semen extender, seminal plasma and raw semen on the endometrium and blood flow in the uterine and ovarian arteries in mares. Six Trotter mares (mean age: 12 years) were examined during estrus in three cycles. Each mare received an intrauterine infusion of 20 ml of skim milk semen extender, seminal plasma or raw semen during estrus in one of three cycles. Blood flow measurements in both uterine and ovarian arteries and the determination of intrauterine fluid via sonography were performed before each infusion and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after infusion. Forty-eight hours later, the intrauterine infusion and measurements were repeated using the same time intervals. Changes in blood flow were detected using transrectal color Doppler sonography and were evaluated using the mean time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV) of the blood flow. Cytological and bacteriological examination of uterine swabs performed 48 h after the second infusion revealed less inflammation and bacterial growth in mares infused with skim milk semen extender than in those infused with seminal plasma or raw semen. There was an increase in intrauterine fluid as early as 1 h after infusion of any of the substances. The infusion of skim milk semen extender had no effect on uterine blood flow. Within 1 h after infusion of seminal plasma or raw semen, there was an increase in the TAMV values of both uterine arteries (P<0.05). In contrast, ovarian blood flow increased only in the artery ipsilateral to the preovulatory follicle and only after the infusion of raw semen (P<0.05). In conclusion, the changes in uterine perfusion observed after intrauterine infusion may be associated with endometrial inflammation and vasodilatory components in the seminal plasma, whereas the changes seen in ovarian blood flow are possibly attributable to the interaction between sperm and oviduct.
Publication Date: 2003-07-02 PubMed ID: 12832011DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00084-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research study examines the effect of different types of semen (raw semen, semen extender, and seminal plasma) on the blood flow in the uterus and ovaries of mares, using Transrectal Color Doppler Sonography. The study indicated that uterine inflammation and vasodilatory components in the seminal plasma may cause changes in uterine blood flow.
Research Methodology
- For the research, six Trotter mares, averaging 12 years old, were studied during their estrus period over three cycles.
- These mares received intrauterine infusions of 20 ml of one of three types of semen: skim milk semen extender, seminal plasma, and raw semen.
- Observations of blood flow in the uterine and ovarian arteries were taken before each infusion and at several intervals (1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours) after it. The same procedure was repeated 48 hours later.
- Cytological and bacteriological examinations of uterine swabs were conducted 48 hours after the second infusion to assess inflammation and bacterial growth.
Key Findings
- The results revealed less inflammation and bacterial growth in mares that received skim milk semen extender as compared to those that received seminal plasma or raw semen.
- All infusions led to an increase in intrauterine fluid within an hour. The skim milk semen extender infusion had no significant impact on uterine blood flow.
- However, the infusion of seminal plasma or raw semen resulted in an increase in the average maximum velocity of blood flow in both uterine arteries within an hour.
- Only the infusion of raw semen led to an increase in blood flow in the ovary containing the preovulatory follicle.
Conclusions
- The research concluded that endometrial inflammation and vasodilatory components present in seminal plasma may cause changes in uterine blood flow.
- The changes observed in the ovarian blood flow may be due to the interaction between the sperm and oviduct upon the infusion of raw semen.
Cite This Article
APA
Bollwein H, Sowade C, Stolla R.
(2003).
The effect of semen extender, seminal plasma and raw semen on uterine and ovarian blood flow in mares.
Theriogenology, 60(4), 607-616.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00084-0 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Gynäkologische und Ambulatorische Tierklinik der Universität München, Königinstr. 12, 80539 München, Germany. Heinrich.Bollwein@gyn.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arteries / diagnostic imaging
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Estrus
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Milk
- Ovary / blood supply
- Semen / physiology
- Ultrasonography, Doppler
- Uterus / blood supply
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Freccero F, Mislei B, Bucci D, Dondi F, Mari G. Effects of Intra-Uterine Fluid Accumulation after Artificial Insemination on Luteal Function in Mares. Animals (Basel) 2022 Dec 23;13(1).
- Ruiz S, Gardón JC, Hernández-Caravaca I, Luongo C, García-Vázquez FA. Analysis of Uterine Blood Flow in Breeding Sows through the Estrus and Early Diestrus, and after Artificial Insemination. Vet Sci 2022 May 30;9(6).
- Cecchini Gualandi S, Giangaspero B, Di Palma T, Macchia G, Carluccio A, Boni R. Oxidative profile and protease regulator potential to predict sperm functionality in donkey (Equus asinus). Sci Rep 2021 Oct 15;11(1):20551.
- Debertolis L, Mari G, Merlo B, Merbach S, Schoon HA, Iacono E, Bollwein H. Effects of induced endometritis on uterine blood flow in cows as evaluated by transrectal Doppler sonography. J Vet Sci 2016 Jun 30;17(2):189-97.
- Elmetwally MA, Meinecke-Tillmann S, Herzog K, Bollwein H. Effects of natural mating, artificial insemination and intravaginal deposition of raw semen or seminal plasma on vaginal and uterine blood flow in German Holstein cows. BMC Vet Res 2024 Jun 26;20(1):277.
- Gholipour H, Amjadi FS, Zandieh Z, Mehdizadeh M, Ajdary M, Delbandi AA, Akbari Sene A, Aflatoonian R, Bakhtiyari M. Investigation of the Effect of Seminal Plasma Exosomes from the Normal and Oligoasthenoteratospermic Males in the Implantation Process. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023 Jul;12(2):294-305.
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