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PloS one2024; 19(5); e0304290; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304290

The effect of solarium light therapy on selected biological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood in young and old horses.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of solarium light therapy on selected biological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood in recreational horses. The study involved 10 horses divided into two groups of young (aged 5 to 7 years) and old (aged 14 to 19 years) individuals. All animals participated in light therapy sessions every other day. Blood was sampled three times during the study: before the treatment, after five light sessions, and after ten light sessions. Morphological parameters, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, TAS values, and the levels of glutathione (GSH), vitamin D3, vitamin C, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the whole blood. Light therapy contributed to an increase in MCV, HDW, MCVr, CHr and MPV indices, and simultaneously a decrease in the basophil counts, MCHC, RDW and CHCMr indices in both groups of horses (p ≤ 0.05). At the same time reticulocytes fell in older whereas white blood cells and monocytes counts expanded in younger individuals. The treatment also increased the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in young but decreased the activity of mentioned enzymes in blood plasma of old horses. The total antioxidant status (TAS) of the blood plasma rose progressively, whereas GSH levels declined in all individuals. Moreover, vitamin D3 levels did not change, whereas vitamin C levels gradually decreased during the experiment. The therapy also helped to reduce levels of MDA in the blood plasma, especially of older horses (p ≤ 0.05). In turn, GPx and GR activities as well as MDA levels significantly declined, whereas GSH levels notably elevated in erythrocytes (p ≤ 0.05). Solarium light therapy appears to have a beneficial impact on the morphological parameters and antioxidant status of blood in recreational horses in the winter season. However, the observed results could in part be attributed to the natural physiological adaptation of each individual organism to the treatment.
Copyright: © 2024 Orzołek et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Publication Date: 2024-05-24 PubMed ID: 38787841PubMed Central: PMC11125486DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304290Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research studied the effects of solarium light therapy on blood parameters of horses and found that it may improve the morphological parameters and antioxidant status in the blood, but results may also be influenced by individual horses’ physiological adaptation to the treatment.

Objective of the Study

  • This research focused on understanding how solarium light therapy impacts various biological and biochemical properties of blood in young and old recreational horses.

Methods and Procedure

  • A total of 10 horses were involved in the study, categorized into two age groups: young horses aged between 5 and 7 years old, and old horses aged from 14 to 19 years.
  • Each horse underwent light therapy sessions on alternate days.
  • Blood samples were collected three times during the study: prior to the therapy, after five light sessions, and after ten light sessions.
  • The study measured several parameters in the blood samples, such as morphological measurements, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant status (TAS) values, and the levels of glutathione, vitamins D3 and C, and malondialdehyde.

Key Findings

  • The light therapy contributed to an increase in several blood index factors in both age groups of horses, while the counts of basophils and several other cell indices decreased.
  • The study found different impacts of the therapy on young and old horses’ blood: reticulocytes decreased in older horses while white blood cells and monocytes increased in younger ones.
  • The activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase increased in younger horses but decreased in older horses’ plasma.
  • The treatment increased the TAS of the horse’s plasma, even though the glutathione levels decreased. The levels of vitamin D3 remained unchanged, while vitamin C levels gradually decreased.
  • The light therapy also reduced the levels of MDA (a marker of oxidative stress) in the blood plasma, particularly in older horses.
  • Regardless of age, glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities as well as MDA levels decreased in horses’ erythrocytes, whereas glutathione levels increased significantly.

Conclusion

  • Solarium light therapy may have a positive impact on the blood’s morphological parameters and antioxidant status in recreational horses, especially during winter.
  • However, the researchers also suggested that the results might partially be influenced by each horse’s natural physiological adaptation to the treatment.

Cite This Article

APA
Orzołek A, Rafalska KT, Domosławska-Wyderska A, Rafalska AM, Dziekońska A, Jastrzębska E, Dobbek D. (2024). The effect of solarium light therapy on selected biological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood in young and old horses. PLoS One, 19(5), e0304290. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304290

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Pages: e0304290

Researcher Affiliations

Orzołek, Aleksandra
  • Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Rafalska, Katarzyna Teresa
  • Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Domosławska-Wyderska, Anna
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Rafalska, Agata Monika
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Dziekońska, Anna
  • Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Jastrzębska, Ewa
  • Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Horse Breeding and Riding, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Dobbek, Dominika
  • Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / blood
  • Antioxidants / metabolism
  • Glutathione / blood
  • Glutathione / metabolism
  • Phototherapy / methods
  • Malondialdehyde / blood
  • Ascorbic Acid / blood
  • Male
  • Female
  • Glutathione Reductase / blood
  • Glutathione Reductase / metabolism
  • Glutathione Peroxidase / blood
  • Glutathione Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Cholecalciferol / blood
  • Aging / blood

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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