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Heliyon2023; 9(8); e19037; doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19037

The effect of training load stress on salivary cortisol concentrations, health parameters and hematological parameters in horses.

Abstract: The performance of sport horses is conditioned not only by the quality of its gene pool, but also by a large number of external factors. The most dominant being nutrition, quality of breeding, level of zootechnical care and the quality of the sports rider and coach. Important factor is the process of individuals' adaptation to the training load occurring during the training itself. This study was focused on the analysis of salivary cortisol levels as well as hematological and biochemical blood parameters in relation to load to which the tested horses were subjected. In the study 14 horses of sport breeds were analyzed a all tested horses were in the same (medium) level of training load. Tested horses underwent following stages of workload - transportation, jumping training, parkour competition, treadmill training, riding training, shoeing and lunging of various intensity. Saliva samples were obtained using a tampon on a string which was inserted into horse's oral cavity, chewed by the horse and placed in a sterile tube with a closable lid. Afterwards, the samples were then stored in deep-freezing boxes at temperature of -80 °C. The EIA cortisol kit was used in this study. The absorbance was read at the wavelength of 450 nm against a reference wavelength of 620-630 nm or a blank sample. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the experiment, after half a year of running the experiment and at the end of the experiment from . Hematological analysis were carried out using automatic hematologic analyser and multiple parameters were observed. Analysis of biochemical parameters in blood serum were realized using commercial DiaSys kits and semiautomatic biochemical spectrophotometer. Sodium, potassium and chlorides were measured using automatic analyzer EasyLytePlus. In all monitored forms of exercise (transportation, jumping training, parkour competition, treadmill training, riding training, horse shoeing, lunging), an increase in cortisol concentrations immediately after the exercise was recorded, but only spotted statistically significant differences were found during the transportation of monitored horses. The levels of blood parameters were within the reference range during the experiment period. From a comprehensive evaluation of the results, it can be stated that there were no visible health changes to the horses that underwent the experimental load and that manipulation with horses is an important factor that has effect on horses' stress response. In general, the results of this study show no visible impact of training and/or load on the health status of horses over entire 12-month duration of the experiment.
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Publication Date: 2023-08-09 PubMed ID: 37636408PubMed Central: PMC10457446DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19037Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates how training stress affects salivary cortisol levels, health, and blood parameters in sport horses. The findings indicate that while there is an increase in cortisol levels after exercise, there are no significant health changes or effects on blood parameter levels in horses undergoing training stress.

Research Methodology

  • The study encompassed 14 sport breed horses that were all subjected to the same medium level of training load.
  • The horses underwent various stages of workload which included transportation, jumping training, parkour competition, treadmill training, riding training, shoeing, and lunging of various intensities.

Data Gathering

  • Saliva samples were obtained using a tampon on a string which was inserted into the horse’s oral cavity. The tampon was chewed by the horse and afterwards placed in a sterile tube with a closable lid. The samples were then stored in deep-freezing boxes at a temperature of -80°C.
  • The study used an EIA cortisol kit to analyze the salivary cortisol levels. Absorbance was read at the wavelength of 450 nm against a reference wavelength of 620-630 nm.
  • Blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the experiment, after six months, and at the end of the experiment. These samples underwent hematological analysis using an automatic hematologic analyser.

Findings

  • Immediately post-exercise, an increase in cortisol concentrations was recorded in all observed forms of exercise. However, statistically significant differences were only identified during the transportation of the monitored horses.
  • The blood parameter levels of the horses remained within the reference range for the duration of the experiment.
  • There were no visible health changes to the horses that underwent the experimental load, indicating no adverse effects of training stress on health.
  • The study also observed that the manipulation of horses had an impact on the animals’ stress response.

Conclusion

  • Despite the recorded increase in cortisol levels after exercise, the study did not find any significant health impacts or effects on blood parameter levels caused by training and load stress.
  • Across the 12-month duration of the experiment, the health status of the horses remained stable.

Cite This Article

APA
Massányi M, Halo M, Mlyneková E, Kováčiková E, Tokárová K, Greń A, Massányi P, Halo M. (2023). The effect of training load stress on salivary cortisol concentrations, health parameters and hematological parameters in horses. Heliyon, 9(8), e19037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19037

Publication

Heliyon
ISSN: 2405-8440
NlmUniqueID: 101672560
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 8
Pages: e19037
PII: e19037

Researcher Affiliations

Massányi, Martin
  • AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Halo, Marko
  • Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Mlyneková, Eva
  • Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Kováčiková, Eva
  • AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Tokárová, Katarína
  • Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Greń, Agnieszka
  • Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
Massányi, Peter
  • Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
  • Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
Halo, Marko
  • Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Citations

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