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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / The Effect of Training on the Expression of Protein and Meta...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2026; 16(2); 158; doi: 10.3390/ani16020158

The Effect of Training on the Expression of Protein and Metabolites in the Plasma Exosomes of the Yili Horse.

Abstract: The effects of physical exercise on protein expression and metabolites in the plasma exosomes of horses are not yet clear. This study aims to elucidate the effects of exercise training on the expression of plasma extracellular vesicle proteins and metabolites in horses through multi-omics analysis, providing reference indicators for the training and performance evaluation of horses. Methods: Eight healthy 3-year-old horses were selected for the study, with four untrained horses as the control group and four trained horses as the training group. After conducting proteomic and metabolomic analyses of the plasma exosomes of each group of horses, the differences in protein expression and metabolites were analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, training significantly increased the levels of proteins in the plasma exosomes of horses that promote muscle function and repair and regulate metabolism and immune function. In addition, carbohydrates and their metabolites were significantly reduced. Conclusions: Training significantly altered the protein composition and metabolites of horse exosomes. These changes mainly provide new insights for the training and evaluation of horse exercise ability, but further research is still needed.
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Publication Date: 2026-01-06 PubMed ID: 41594348PubMed Central: PMC12837310DOI: 10.3390/ani16020158Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study investigated how physical exercise training affects the proteins and metabolites present in plasma exosomes of Yili horses.
  • By comparing trained and untrained horses, researchers aimed to identify biomarkers linked to muscle function, metabolism, and immune response that could improve training and performance evaluation.

Introduction and Background

  • Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry proteins and metabolites between cells, playing important roles in cell communication and physiological regulation.
  • In horses, the impact of exercise on the components of plasma exosomes, especially proteins and metabolites, remains unclear.
  • Understanding these changes can help optimize training regimes and assess horse performance more accurately.

Methods

  • Subjects: Eight healthy 3-year-old Yili horses were selected.
  • Group Division: Four horses were untrained (control group) and four were subjected to an exercise training regimen (training group).
  • Sample Collection: Plasma was collected from each horse to isolate exosomes.
  • Analyses Conducted:
    • Proteomic analysis – to identify and quantify proteins in the exosomes.
    • Metabolomic analysis – to identify and quantify metabolites present in the exosomes.
  • Comparative Analysis: Differences in protein and metabolite expression between trained and untrained groups were examined.

Results

  • Protein Changes:
    • Training led to a significant increase in proteins involved in muscle function and repair.
    • Proteins regulating metabolism and immune function were also elevated in trained horses.
  • Metabolite Changes:
    • There was a marked decrease in carbohydrates and their metabolites in the plasma exosomes of the trained group.

Discussion

  • The increase in muscle-related proteins suggests that exercise training promotes muscle repair and functional enhancement at the molecular level.
  • Enhanced metabolism and immune-related proteins may indicate improved physiological adaptations for energy use and maintaining immune health during physical activity.
  • The reduction in carbohydrate-related metabolites could reflect changes in energy substrate utilization due to training.
  • These molecular changes in plasma exosomes can serve as biomarkers for evaluating horse fitness and response to training.

Conclusions and Implications

  • Physical training substantially alters the protein and metabolite composition in Yili horse plasma exosomes.
  • Multi-omics analysis of these exosomal components offers new insights into the biological effects of exercise and could aid in designing better training programs.
  • Further research is necessary to validate these findings and explore the practical applications for horse training and performance assessment.

Cite This Article

APA
Yuan X, Yao X, Zeng Y, Wang J, Ren W, Wang T, Li X, Yang L, Yang X, Meng J. (2026). The Effect of Training on the Expression of Protein and Metabolites in the Plasma Exosomes of the Yili Horse. Animals (Basel), 16(2), 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16020158

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
PII: 158

Researcher Affiliations

Yuan, Xinxin
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China.
Yao, Xinkui
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
Zeng, Yaqi
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
Wang, Jianwen
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
Ren, Wanlu
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
Wang, Tongliang
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Li, Xueyan
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yang, Lipin
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yang, Xixi
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Meng, Jun
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.

Grant Funding

  • 2022A02013-1 / Major Science and Technology Project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Conflict of Interest Statement

All authors declare no competing interests.

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