The effects of equine skin preparation on transdermal drug penetration in vitro.
Abstract: An increasing number of formulations are applied to equine skin, yet variable penetration can affect efficacy, or the incidence of adverse effects, or both. To investigate the effects of common methods of skin preparation on transdermal drug penetration in vitro, we clipped, harvested, and froze skin samples from 5 Thoroughbred geldings. Thawed samples were prepared as follows: control (no preparation); cleaned with aqueous chlorhexidine (Aq-C, 0.1% w/v); cleaned with alcoholic chlorhexidine (Al-C, 0.5% w/v); shaved (Sh); or tape-stripped (Ta) with the use of adhesive tape. The samples were then placed in diffusion cells, and 2 g of methylsalicylate (MeSa) gel (Dencorub) was applied to the stratum corneum side. The penetration of MeSa and its analyte, salicylate (Sa), through the skin samples was measured over 10 h. Compared with control skin, significantly more MeSa penetrated through skin prepared with Al-C or Sh (P < 0.01) or with Aq-C or Ta (P < 0.05), and significantly more Sa was recovered in the receptor phase from skin prepared with Aq-C, Al-C, or Sh (P < 0.05) or with Ta (P < 0.01). A significantly higher rate of penetration and shorter lag time were also noted for MeSa with all the prepared skin samples, compared with the control samples. The results show that clinical techniques routinely used to clean or prepare skin can significantly affect the rate and extent of penetration of a topically applied drug. This may result in greater systemic availability of active drug, which could lead to enhanced efficacy and, possibly, a higher incidence of adverse effects. stratum corneum. P < P < P < P < (Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier)
Publication Date: 2006-10-18 PubMed ID: 17042388PubMed Central: PMC1562528
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article investigates how different methods of equine skin preparation can affect the penetration of drugs applied transdermally, or through the skin. It finds that routine preparation techniques can significantly affect how quickly and how much of a drug is absorbed, potentially improving efficacy and influencing side effects.
Methods
- The researchers studied the skin of five Thoroughbred geldings, a breed of horse.
- The skin samples were harvested, frozen, and then thawed to be prepared in different ways.
- These preparation methods included no preparation (control), cleaning with aqueous chlorhexidine, cleaning with alcoholic chlorhexidine, shaving, or tape-stripping with adhesive tape.
- The skin samples were then placed in diffusion cells, and a gel containing the drug methylsalicylate was applied to each one.
- The researchers assessed how much of the drug, along with its analyte salicylate, penetrated through the skin samples over a period of 10 hours.
Results
- Compared to the skin samples that were not prepared, the ones cleaned with alcoholic chlorhexidine or shaved allowed significantly more of the drug to penetrate through.
- Similarly, more of the drug was also absorbed through the skin cleaned with aqueous chlorhexidine or tape-stripped.
- The rate of drug penetration was also significantly higher for all the prepared skin samples compared to the control samples.
- Additionally, there was a shorter lag time before the drug began to penetrate the prepared skin samples.
Implications
- This research shows that common clinical techniques used to prepare equine skin can affect how a drug is absorbed when it is applied topically.
- If more of the active drug becomes systemically available because of skin preparation methods, this could potentially increase its effectiveness.
- However, this same factor could potentially also raise the incidence of adverse effects related to the drug.
- As such, this research underscores the importance of factoring in skin preparation techniques when considering the effects and effectiveness of transdermal drug applications.
Cite This Article
APA
Mills PC, Cross SE.
(2006).
The effects of equine skin preparation on transdermal drug penetration in vitro.
Can J Vet Res, 70(4), 317-320.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. p.mills@uq.edu.au
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Administration, Topical
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Chlorhexidine / pharmacology
- Ethanol / pharmacology
- Hair / physiology
- Horses
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Salicylates / pharmacokinetics
- Skin / metabolism
- Skin Absorption / drug effects
- Skin Absorption / physiology
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This article includes 25 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Song Y, Day CM, Afinjuomo F, Tan JE, Page SW, Garg S. Advanced Strategies of Drug Delivery via Oral, Topical, and Parenteral Administration Routes: Where Do Equine Medications Stand?. Pharmaceutics 2023 Jan 4;15(1).
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