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Home / Equine Research Bank / Pflugers Arch / The effects of oxygenation upon the Cl-dependent K flux path...
Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology1996; 432(2); 270-277; doi: 10.1007/s004240050133

The effects of oxygenation upon the Cl-dependent K flux pathway in equine red cells.

Abstract: The effects of oxygen tension (PO2) upon the K influx pathways of equine red cells have been studied using 86Rb+ as congener for K. Equilibration of cells in 100% nitrogen led to a low and Cl-independent K flux. Change to an atmosphere of 100% air led to a rapid sixfold increase in K flux. The oxygen-activated flux was entirely Cl dependent and was maintained for up to 3 h. Oxygenation-evoked activation was dependent upon PO2 over the physiological range with little effect up to 70% saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen but significant effects between 70 and 100%. K flux at low PO2 was unaffected by acidification to pH 7 or by hypotonic cell swelling. By contrast, at high PO2 both manipulations caused a substantial increase in Cl-dependent K flux. N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM; 1 mM) caused a progressive activation of KCl cotransport in cells held under nitrogen. The protein phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A (100 nM), applied during NEM-evoked activation caused a "clamping" of K influx at that level. This "clamped" activity was unaffected by subsequent oxygenation. We conclude that oxygenation exerts a primary control over cotransport activity and that acidification and cell swelling are secondary modulators. It appears that oxygenation-evoked activation of the Cl-dependent K flux involves a serine/threonine phosphorylation event. Regulating the PO2 of the solution before and during experiments is important in controlling the activity of the KCl cotransporter and cell volume.
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Publication Date: 1996-06-01 PubMed ID: 8662303DOI: 10.1007/s004240050133Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The abstract describes a study exploring the impact of oxygen levels on the potassium ion (K) transportation in the red blood cells of horses. The researchers found that oxygen plays a major role in controlling the activity of cotransportation of ions, which is further influenced by factors like acidity and cell swelling.

What The Study Involves

  • The study primarily investigates how oxygen tension, or partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), affects how potassium ions go in and out of horse red blood cells. They used a substance called 86Rb+ as a stand-in for potassium (K).
  • When the cells were surrounded entirely by nitrogen (low PO2 condition), the movement of potassium was low and wasn’t dependent on the presence of chloride ions (Cl).
  • Changing the environment to be 100% air (high PO2 condition) led to a sixfold increase in the movement of potassium, which was now absolutely dependent on the presence of chloride ions.

The Effect Of Changing Conditions

  • They also experimented with different levels of oxygenation and observed that the activity was largely dependent on PO2, with significant effects being seen between a 70 and 100% saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen.
  • Different conditions, such as lowering the pH to 7 and causing the cells to swell by making them hypotonic, had no effect on potassium ion flux at low PO2 conditions.
  • However, at high PO2 conditions, both the above interventions substantially affected chloride ion-dependent potassium flux.

Introducing Inhibitors

  • The researchers introduced a compound known as N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM), which activated a process called KCl cotransport (the simultaneous transportation of potassium and chloride ions) more when the cells were submerged in nitrogen.
  • Using another compound called calyculin A, which inhibits protein phosphatases (components that play a role in cell signaling), during the NEM-activated stage, caused a steady level of potassium influx which was not influenced by additional oxygenation.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The study suggests that oxygen mainly controls the cotransport activity, while parameters like pH and cell swelling also modulate it.
  • The researchers suggest that the activation of the chloride-dependent potassium flux due to oxygenation might involve a specific biochemical process (serine/threonine phosphorylation).
  • The study highlights the necessity to control the oxygen pressure of solutions during experiments, as it influences the activity of KCl cotransport and cell volume. This may have important implications for understanding the physiology of equine red cells and for developing therapies targeting ion transport in cells.

Cite This Article

APA
Honess NA, Gibson JS, Cossins AR. (1996). The effects of oxygenation upon the Cl-dependent K flux pathway in equine red cells. Pflugers Arch, 432(2), 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004240050133

Publication

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology
ISSN: 0031-6768
NlmUniqueID: 0154720
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 432
Issue: 2
Pages: 270-277

Researcher Affiliations

Honess, N A
  • Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Gibson, J S
    Cossins, A R

      MeSH Terms

      • Acids / pharmacology
      • Animals
      • Chlorides / physiology
      • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
      • Erythrocyte Volume
      • Erythrocytes / drug effects
      • Erythrocytes / metabolism
      • Ethylmaleimide / pharmacology
      • Female
      • Horses / blood
      • Male
      • Marine Toxins
      • Oxazoles / pharmacology
      • Oxygen / blood
      • Partial Pressure
      • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / antagonists & inhibitors
      • Potassium / blood

      Grant Funding

      • Wellcome Trust

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 11 times.
      1. Lee SM, Kang BJ, Lee S, Kim WH. Comparison of Hematological and Biochemical Results Derived from Arterial and Venous Blood Samples in Post-Anesthetic Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 9;10(11).
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      2. Frlic O, Seliškar A, Domanjko Petrič A, Blagus R, Heigenhauser G, Vengust M. Pulmonary Circulation Transvascular Fluid Fluxes Do Not Change during General Anesthesia in Dogs. Front Physiol 2018;9:124.
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      3. Vengust M, Staempfli H, Viel L, Heigenhauser G. Transvascular fluid flux from the pulmonary vasculature at rest and during exercise in horses. J Physiol 2006 Jan 15;570(Pt 2):397-405.
        doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.098723pubmed: 16269434google scholar: lookup
      4. Flatman PW. Activation of ferret erythrocyte Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransport by deoxygenation. J Physiol 2005 Mar 1;563(Pt 2):421-31.
        doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.080507pubmed: 15618270google scholar: lookup
      5. Berenbrink M, Völkel S, Heisler N, Nikinmaa M. O(2)-dependent K(+) fluxes in trout red blood cells: the nature of O(2) sensing revealed by the O(2) affinity, cooperativity and pH dependence of transport. J Physiol 2000 Jul 1;526 Pt 1(Pt 1):69-80.
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