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Immunogenetics2013; 66(1); 33-42; doi: 10.1007/s00251-013-0741-6

The equine CD1 gene family is the largest and most diverse yet identified.

Abstract: The CD1 family is a group of non-polymorphic MHC class I-like molecules that present lipid-based antigens to T cells. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocytes from immune adult horses recognize lipids from the cell wall of an important equine pathogen, Rhodococcus equi. These findings suggest an important role for the equine CD1 antigen presentation system in protective immune responses to microbial pathogens in the horse. In this study, we characterized and mapped the equine CD1 gene cluster. The equine genome was found to contain 13 complete CD1 genes; seven genes were classified as homologues of human CD1a, two CD1b, one CD1c, one CD1d, and two CD1e, making it the largest CD1 family to date. All but one of the eqCD1 molecules were expressed in all antigen-presenting cells investigated. The major amino acid differences between equine CD1 isoforms are located in the predicted antigen binding site, suggesting that a variety of lipid antigens can be presented. R. equi survives and replicates within professional phagocytes by arresting phagosome maturation between the early endosome and late phagosome. Based on the absence of a tyrosine sorting motif in all eqCD1a, CD1a molecules are predicted to co-localize with R. equi in the early endosome. Here, they could acquire lipid antigen and present it to T lymphocytes. The extraordinarily large number of CD1 molecules in the horse may reflect their crucial role in immunity to R. equi.
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Publication Date: 2013-11-07 PubMed ID: 24196432DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0741-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the exploration and mapping of the equine CD1 gene cluster, which is the largest and most diverse identified. The study suggests the crucial role of the equine CD1 antigen presentation system in protective immune responses against microbial pathogens in horses.

Introduction to the CD1 Family

  • The CD1 family is a group of MHC class I-like molecules that present lipid-based antigens to T cells.
  • These molecules aren’t polymorphic and play an important role in immune response.

Previous Work and its Implications

  • Previous research in the laboratory demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocytes from immune adult horses recognize lipids from the cell wall of an important equine pathogen, Rhodococcus equi.
  • Rhodococcus equi is a bacteria that typically causes respiratory diseases in young foals.
  • This evidence suggests that the horse’s CD1 antigen presentation system is of significant importance in protecting against microbial pathogens.

Characterization and Mapping of Equine CD1

  • The study proceeded to characterize and map the equine CD1 gene cluster.
  • The horse genome was found to have 13 complete CD1 genes, making it the largest CD1 family till date.
  • The genes included seven homologues of human CD1a, two CD1b, one CD1c, one CD1d, and two CD1e.
  • All of eqCD1 molecules, except for one, were expressed in all investigated antigen-presenting cells.
  • The main differences between equine CD1 isoforms reside in the antigen binding site, implying a variety of lipid antigens can be presented.

CD1’s Interaction with Rhodococcus equi

  • Rhodococcus equi survives and replicates within professional phagocytes, halting their maturation process.
  • All eqCD1a != molecules lack a tyrosine sorting motif, suggesting they are predicted to co-localize with Rhodococcus equi in the early endosome.
  • Here, they may acquire lipid antigen and present it to T lymphocytes, further strengthening the immune response against the pathogen.

Conclusion

  • The horse’s CD1 family possesses a large number of members, likely reflecting their critical role in immunity to Rhodococcus equi.

Cite This Article

APA
Dossa RG, Alperin DC, Hines MT, Hines SA. (2013). The equine CD1 gene family is the largest and most diverse yet identified. Immunogenetics, 66(1), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-013-0741-6

Publication

Immunogenetics
ISSN: 1432-1211
NlmUniqueID: 0420404
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 66
Issue: 1
Pages: 33-42

Researcher Affiliations

Dossa, Robson G
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA.
Alperin, Debra C
    Hines, Melissa T
      Hines, Stephen A

        MeSH Terms

        • Amino Acid Sequence
        • Animals
        • Antigen-Presenting Cells / immunology
        • Antigen-Presenting Cells / metabolism
        • Antigens, CD1 / classification
        • Antigens, CD1 / genetics
        • Antigens, CD1 / immunology
        • Bronchoalveolar Lavage
        • Dendritic Cells / cytology
        • Dendritic Cells / immunology
        • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
        • Horses
        • Humans
        • Macrophages / cytology
        • Macrophages / immunology
        • Macrophages / metabolism
        • Models, Molecular
        • Molecular Sequence Data
        • Phylogeny
        • Protein Isoforms
        • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
        • Thymus Gland / cytology
        • Thymus Gland / immunology
        • Thymus Gland / metabolism

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