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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Immunol Immunopathol / The immune response to equine arteritis virus: potential les...
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2004; 102(3); 107-129; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.003

The immune response to equine arteritis virus: potential lessons for other arteriviruses.

Abstract: The members of the family Arteriviridae, genus Arterivirus, include equine arteritis virus (EAV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) of mice, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV). PRRSV is the newest member of the family (first isolated in North America and Europe in the early 1990s), whereas the other three viruses were recognized earlier (EAV in 1953, LDV in 1960, and SHFV in 1964). Although arterivirus infections are strictly species-specific, the causative agents share many biological and molecular properties, including their virion morphology, replication strategy, unique properties of their structural proteins, and their ability to establish distinctive persistent infections in their natural hosts. The arteriviruses are each antigenically distinct and cause different disease syndromes in their natural hosts. Similarly, the mechanism(s) responsible for the prolonged and/or persistent infections that characterize infections with each arterivirus in their natural hosts are remarkably different. The objective of this review is to compare and contrast the immune response to EAV with that to the other three arteriviruses, and emphasize the potential relevance of apparent similarities and differences in the neutralization characteristics of each virus.
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Publication Date: 2004-10-28 PubMed ID: 15507299DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.003Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

Summary

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This research article discusses the unique properties and differences of the family Arteriviridae, especially focussing on the immune response to equine arteritis virus (EAV) and how it compares with other viruses in this family.

Introduction and Overview of Arterivirus

  • The Arterivirus family, Arteriviridae, is composed of four main members: EAV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) of mice, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV).
  • These viruses were identified at different periods, with the PRRSV being the latest addition in the early 1990s and the other three identified much earlier.
  • While each virus type is species-specific only infecting a particular animal species, they all share common characteristics such as the same virus particle morphology, replication strategy and properties of their structural proteins.

Distinctive Properties and Disease Syndromes of Arteriviruses

  • Each arterivirus is antigenically unique causing distinct disease syndromes in their natural hosts – which could be horses, pigs, mice, or monkeys depending on the virus in question.
  • Notably, all of them can establish prolonged or persistent infections in their hosts, although the mechanisms behind these long-lasting infections differ remarkably among different types of arteriviruses.

Comparison of Immune Response to Equine Arteritis Virus

  • The main objective of the research paper is to analyze and review the immune response elicited by EAV, especially in comparison with the other three arteriviruses in the family.
  • The significance of the similarities and differences observed in the neutralizing characteristics of each arterivirus will also be emphasized, especially those relevant to the EAV.
  • The immune response elicited during an infection is vital to understand disease progression and potential pathways for treatment or vaccination.

Cite This Article

APA
Balasuriya UB, MacLachlan NJ. (2004). The immune response to equine arteritis virus: potential lessons for other arteriviruses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 102(3), 107-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.003

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 0165-2427
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 102
Issue: 3
Pages: 107-129

Researcher Affiliations

Balasuriya, Udeni B R
  • Equine Viral Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ubbalasuriya@ucdavis.edu
MacLachlan, N James

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Arterivirus Infections / immunology
    • Arterivirus Infections / veterinary
    • Equartevirus / immunology
    • Genetic Engineering / veterinary
    • Horse Diseases / immunology
    • Horses / immunology
    • Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology
    • Viral Vaccines / immunology

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    This article includes 171 references

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