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The impact of skin preparation method on electrocardiogram quality in horses.

Abstract: Several skin preparation techniques are used in electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring of horses. The objective of this study was to determine which methods produce the greatest signal quality using textile electrodes and standard silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes. Electrocardiogram data were collected using textile and Ag/AgCl electrodes simultaneously for 4 skin preparation techniques in 6 horses. The effects of skin preparation (cleansing with isopropyl alcohol, with or without shaving the hair) and the effects of the application of a conductive gel were assessed using metrics of signal quality. Shaving and cleansing with alcohol had no effect on signal quality for either electrode type. The Ag/AgCl electrodes contain a solid gel, and the application of additional gel did not affect signal quality. Data quality was significantly improved when gel was applied to textile electrodes. Furthermore, there was no difference in signal quality between electrode types when gel was used. This study suggests that skin preparation by cleansing and/or shaving does not have a significant effect on equine ECG signal quality. When gel is used, textile electrodes are a practical alternative for Ag/AgCl electrodes, as they produce ECG recordings of the same quality. Impact de la méthode de préparation de la peau sur la qualité de l’électrocardiogramme chez le cheval. Plusieurs techniques de préparation de la peau sont utilisées lors de la surveillance électrocardiographique (ECG) des chevaux. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer quelles méthodes produisent la meilleure qualité de signal en utilisant des électrodes textiles et des électrodes standard argent/chlorure d’argent (Ag/AgCl). Les données d’électrocardiogramme ont été obtenues simultanément à l’aide d’électrodes textiles et d’électrodes Ag/AgCl pour 4 techniques de préparation cutanée chez 6 chevaux. Les effets de la préparation de la peau (nettoyage à l’alcool isopropylique, avec ou sans rasage des cheveux) et les effets de l’application d’un gel conducteur ont été évalués à l’aide de métriques de qualité du signal. Le rasage et le nettoyage à l’alcool n’ont eu aucun effet sur la qualité du signal pour les deux types d’électrodes. Les électrodes Ag/AgCl contiennent un gel solide et l’application de gel supplémentaire n’a pas affecté la qualité du signal. La qualité des données a été considérablement améliorée lorsque le gel a été appliqué sur des électrodes textiles. De plus, il n’y avait aucune différence dans la qualité du signal entre les types d’électrodes lorsque du gel était utilisé. Cette étude suggère que la préparation de la peau par nettoyage et/ou rasage n’a pas d’effet significatif sur la qualité du signal ECG équin. Lorsque du gel est utilisé, les électrodes textiles constituent une alternative pratique aux électrodes Ag/AgCl, car elles produisent des enregistrements ECG de même qualité.(Traduit par D Serge Messier).
Publication Date: 2024-03-04 PubMed ID: 38434162PubMed Central: PMC10880388
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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Overview

  • This study evaluated how different skin preparation methods affect the quality of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in horses using two types of electrodes: textile and standard silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes.
  • The research aimed to identify which preparation techniques lead to the best ECG signal quality and whether textile electrodes can be a practical alternative to traditional Ag/AgCl electrodes.

Objectives and Study Design

  • To assess the impact of various skin preparation techniques on ECG signal quality in horses.
  • To compare signal quality between textile electrodes and standard Ag/AgCl electrodes under different preparation conditions.
  • To evaluate if conductive gel application improves ECG signal quality with either electrode type.
  • Six horses were included in the study and ECG data were simultaneously recorded using both textile and Ag/AgCl electrodes.
  • Four distinct skin preparation techniques were tested:
    • Cleaning with isopropyl alcohol (with hair intact)
    • Cleaning with isopropyl alcohol after shaving
    • Other variations involving the presence or absence of shaving and gel application

Key Results and Findings

  • Neither shaving nor cleansing with isopropyl alcohol significantly affected the ECG signal quality for either electrode type.
  • Ag/AgCl electrodes contain a solid gel layer, and adding extra conductive gel did not improve signal quality.
  • Applying conductive gel significantly enhanced ECG signal quality when using textile electrodes.
  • When conductive gel was applied, no significant difference in signal quality was observed between textile and Ag/AgCl electrodes.

Conclusions and Implications

  • Skin preparation by cleansing with alcohol and/or shaving is not necessary to achieve high-quality ECG recordings in horses.
  • Conductive gel is essential to optimize signal quality for textile electrodes but is redundant for Ag/AgCl electrodes, which already include a conductive gel.
  • Textile electrodes paired with conductive gel can serve as a practical, effective alternative to standard Ag/AgCl electrodes for equine ECG monitoring.
  • This finding may simplify the preparation process for ECG monitoring in horses, reduce preparation time, and potentially improve comfort for the animals.

Additional Notes

  • The study contributes to veterinary cardiology by identifying effective non-invasive ECG monitoring techniques for horses.
  • Use of textile electrodes could facilitate broader use in field conditions due to their practicality and comparable signal quality.
  • The research findings are supported by objective metrics of signal quality, strengthening the validity of the results.

Cite This Article

APA
McCrae P, Spong H, Mahnam A, Bashura Y, Pearson W. (2024). The impact of skin preparation method on electrocardiogram quality in horses. Can Vet J, 65(3), 245-249.

Publication

ISSN: 0008-5286
NlmUniqueID: 0004653
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 65
Issue: 3
Pages: 245-249

Researcher Affiliations

McCrae, Persephone
  • Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McCrae, Spong, Pearson); Department of R&D, Myant Inc., 200 Ronson Drive, Suite 500, Etobicoke, Ontario M9W 5Z9 (Mahnam, Bashura).
Spong, Hannah
  • Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McCrae, Spong, Pearson); Department of R&D, Myant Inc., 200 Ronson Drive, Suite 500, Etobicoke, Ontario M9W 5Z9 (Mahnam, Bashura).
Mahnam, Amin
  • Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McCrae, Spong, Pearson); Department of R&D, Myant Inc., 200 Ronson Drive, Suite 500, Etobicoke, Ontario M9W 5Z9 (Mahnam, Bashura).
Bashura, Yana
  • Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McCrae, Spong, Pearson); Department of R&D, Myant Inc., 200 Ronson Drive, Suite 500, Etobicoke, Ontario M9W 5Z9 (Mahnam, Bashura).
Pearson, Wendy
  • Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (McCrae, Spong, Pearson); Department of R&D, Myant Inc., 200 Ronson Drive, Suite 500, Etobicoke, Ontario M9W 5Z9 (Mahnam, Bashura).

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Electrocardiography / veterinary
  • 2-Propanol
  • Ethanol
  • Silver Compounds

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This article includes 12 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. McCrae P, Spong H, Moorehead J, Pearson W. Validation of a smart textile device for long-duration heart rate variability and detection of physiological arrhythmias in resting horses.. BMC Vet Res 2025 Nov 19;21(1):675.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-05120-0pubmed: 41257881google scholar: lookup