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Genes2025; 16(2); 224; doi: 10.3390/genes16020224

The Impact of the Competition on miRNA, Proteins, and Metabolites in the Blood Exosomes of the Yili Horse.

Abstract: Horse racing may cause stress-induced physiological changes and tissue damage in horses, but the changes in miRNA expression, protein expression, and metabolic substances in the plasma exosomes of the horse after racing are still unclear. This study detected miRNA, protein expression, and metabolic substances in the plasma exosomes of horses before and after competition, providing new insights for post-race recovery and care of horses. Methods: Eight three-year-old horses that had undergone training were selected as the research subjects, with four horses that had not competed as the control group and four horses that had participated in the competition for half an hour as the training group. Extract whole blood and separate plasma from two groups of horses, and then extract plasma exosomes; MiRNAs, proteins, and metabolites in extracellular vesicles were detected and analyzed using miRNAomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. P Result: After the competition, the levels of miRNAs related to the cytoplasm and nucleus in horse plasma exosomes increased, and miRNAs related to the transcription and transcriptional regulation of biological processes significantly increased. The levels of proteins related to the cytoplasm and nucleus also increased, and the levels of proteins related to cell signaling function increased, carbohydrates and their metabolites were significantly reduced. Conclusions: The competition process causes significant changes in the miRNA, proteomics, and metabolomics of plasma exosomes in the horses, which are mainly related to metabolic regulation.
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Publication Date: 2025-02-15 PubMed ID: 40004554PubMed Central: PMC11855450DOI: 10.3390/genes16020224Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates how horse racing impacts the miRNA, proteins, and metabolites in the blood exosomes of the Yili horse. By comparing horses that had raced and those that hadn’t, the scientists observed significant changes in miRNA and protein levels, and reduced carbohydrate metabolites, suggesting adaptations in metabolic regulation due to the race.

Research Methods

  • This study selected eight three-year-old horses that underwent training. Four horses that did not participate in any competition served as the control group, while the other four that were involved in a half-hour competition made up the training group.
  • The researchers extracted whole blood from both groups of horses and separated the plasma, from which they then retrieved the plasma exosomes.
  • They utilized miRNAomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for detection and analysis of miRNAs, proteins, and metabolites within the extracellular vesicles.

Findings

  • The study found that after competition, the levels of miRNAs related to the cytoplasm and nucleus in the Yili horse’s plasma exosomes increased. The miRNAs related to the transcription and transcriptional regulation of biological processes also significantly increased.
  • The levels of proteins linked to the cytoplasm and nucleus also increased. Moreover, the proteins tied to cell signaling function increased in levels as well.
  • Interestingly, carbohydrates and their metabolites saw a significant decrease after the horses competed.

Conclusions

  • The process of competition resulted in significant changes in the miRNA, proteomics, and metabolomics of plasma exosomes in the Yili horses. These changes were primarily linked to metabolic regulation.
  • These findings may provide crucial insights into how the stress of racing impacts a horse’s physiological state and may inform strategies for post-race recovery and care.

Cite This Article

APA
Yuan X, Yao X, Zeng Y, Wang J, Ren W, Wang T, Li X, Yang L, Yang X, Meng J. (2025). The Impact of the Competition on miRNA, Proteins, and Metabolites in the Blood Exosomes of the Yili Horse. Genes (Basel), 16(2), 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16020224

Publication

Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
NlmUniqueID: 101551097
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
PII: 224

Researcher Affiliations

Yuan, Xinxin
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yao, Xinkui
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
Zeng, Yaqi
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
Wang, Jianwen
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
Ren, Wanlu
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
Wang, Tongliang
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Li, Xueyan
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yang, Lipin
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yang, Xixi
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Meng, Jun
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / blood
  • Horses / genetics
  • Exosomes / metabolism
  • Exosomes / genetics
  • MicroRNAs / blood
  • MicroRNAs / genetics
  • Proteomics / methods
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal

Grant Funding

  • 2022A02013-1 / Major Science and Technology Project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
  • XJ2023G115 / Graduate Student Research Innovation Project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Sisia G, Giudice E, Attanzio A, Briglia M, Piccione G, Trunfio C, Arfuso F. Exosome and miRNA Content Engagement in the Physical Exercise Response: What Is Known to Date in Atheltic Horses?. Int J Mol Sci 2026 Jan 4;27(1).
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  2. Ma S, Ren W, Li Z, Li L, Wang R, Su Y, Huang Q, Dehaxi S, Wang J. Comparative analysis of miRNA expression in Yili horses pre- and post-5000-m race. Front Genet 2025;16:1676558.
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  3. Milczek-Haduch D, Żmigrodzka M, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O. Extracellular Vesicles in Sport Horses: Potential Biomarkers and Modulators of Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2025 May 3;26(9).
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