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Home / Equine Research Bank / Biomed Res Int / The Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma evansi in Equids: Optimisatio...
BioMed research international2019; 2019; 2964639; doi: 10.1155/2019/2964639

The Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma evansi in Equids: Optimisation and Application to a Serological Survey including Racing Horses, in Thailand.

Abstract: Surra, caused by is a widely distributed animal trypanosomosis; it affects both domestic and wild mammals with high economic impact. Clinical picture is moderate in bovines but severe in equids. Surra is also an important constraint for international animal trade and movements. Despite its impact, surra remains poorly diagnosed because of low sensitivity tests. To improve epidemiological knowledge of the disease and to secure international movement, efficient diagnosis tools are required. Here, we optimized and applied to equids the OIE-recommended indirect ELISA that was validated in other species. Based on 96 positive and 1,382 negative horse reference samples from Thailand, a TG-ROC analysis was conducted to define the cutoff value. ELISA's sensitivity and specificity were estimated at 97.5% and 100%, respectively, qualifying the test to provide a reliable immune status of equids. The test was then applied on 1,961 horse samples from 18 Thai Provinces; the only scarce positives suggested that horses do not constitute a reservoir of in Thailand. All samples from racing horses were negative. Conversely, two outbreaks of surra reported to our laboratory, originating from a bovine reservoir, exhibited high morbidity and lethality rates in horses. Finally, posttreatment follow-ups of infected animals allowed us to provide outbreak management guidelines.
Copyright © 2019 Margot Camoin et al.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-05 PubMed ID: 31886196PubMed Central: PMC6915159DOI: 10.1155/2019/2964639Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on the optimization and application of an improved diagnostic tool for Surra, a widespread illness caused by Trypanosoma evansi, on equids including racing horses in Thailand.

Understanding Surra and Its Economic Impact

  • Surra is a disease that affects both domestic and wild mammals. It is especially severe in equids and has a considerable economic impact on animal trade and movements globally, as its presence can restrict international animal trade.
  • The disease symptoms are moderate in bovines but can become severe and life-threatening in equids (which include horses, donkeys, and zebras).
  • One of the significant issues with managing Surra is the low sensitivity of current diagnostic tests, causing many instances of the disease to go unnoticed and untreated.

Optimization of the Indirect ELISA Test for Surra

  • In this research, the scientists worked on optimizing the indirect ELISA test, which is a diagnostic tool recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE).
  • The test was further validated based on 96 positive and 1,382 negative horse reference samples from Thailand, and a TG-ROC analysis was conducted to define the cutoff value.
  • This optimized version of the indirect ELISA was found to have a sensitivity of 97.5% and specificity of 100% in detecting Surra, making it a reliable tool for identifying the disease in equids.

Application of the Enhanced ELISA Test and Its Findings

  • The improved ELISA test was then applied to 1,961 horse samples from 18 Thai provinces. The results suggested that horses do not serve as a significant reservoir of Trypanosoma evansi in Thailand, given there were only a few positive cases.
  • All samples from racing horses were negative for Trypanosoma evansi.
  • However, two outbreaks of Surra, believed to have come from a bovine reservoir, presented high morbidity and mortality rates in horses.

Outbreak Management and Recommendations

  • The study includes post-treatment follow-ups of infected animals, which assisted the researchers in providing guidelines for managing potential outbreaks of the disease.
  • This research significantly contributes to the efforts to control Surra in equids by creating a more accurate diagnostic tool and providing recommendations for dealing with outbreaks.

Cite This Article

APA
Camoin M, Kocher A, Chalermwong P, Yangtarra S, Kamyingkird K, Jittapalapong S, Desquesnes M. (2019). The Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma evansi in Equids: Optimisation and Application to a Serological Survey including Racing Horses, in Thailand. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2964639. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2964639

Publication

BioMed research international
ISSN: 2314-6141
NlmUniqueID: 101600173
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2019
Pages: 2964639
PII: 2964639

Researcher Affiliations

Camoin, Margot
  • Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR InterTryp, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
  • UMR InterTryp, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, 34398 Montpellier, France.
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
Kocher, Arthur
  • Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR InterTryp, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
  • UMR InterTryp, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, 34398 Montpellier, France.
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
Chalermwong, Piangjai
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
Yangtarra, Sarawut
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
Kamyingkird, Ketsarin
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
Jittapalapong, Sathaporn
  • Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
Desquesnes, Marc
  • Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR InterTryp, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
  • UMR InterTryp, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, 34398 Montpellier, France.
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, Protozoan / blood
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Horses / blood
  • Horses / parasitology
  • Serologic Tests
  • Thailand / epidemiology
  • Trypanosoma / isolation & purification
  • Trypanosoma / pathogenicity
  • Trypanosomiasis / blood
  • Trypanosomiasis / epidemiology
  • Trypanosomiasis / parasitology
  • Trypanosomiasis / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Desquesnes M, Sazmand A, Gonzatti M, Boulangé A, Bossard G, Thévenon S, Gimonneau G, Truc P, Herder S, Ravel S, Sereno D, Waleckx E, Jamonneau V, Jacquiet P, Jittapalapong S, Berthier D, Solano P, Hébert L. Diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses: proper use of current tools and future prospects.. Parasit Vectors 2022 Jun 27;15(1):235.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05352-1pubmed: 35761373google scholar: lookup
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