The influence of road transport on the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in equine erythrocytes.
Abstract: Transport of horses may have significant impact on serum biochemical and hematologic analytes and resistance to infection. Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the influence of transport stress on selected enzymatic antioxidants in equine blood. Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 60 horses of different breeds and ranging in age from 4 to 10 years. Venous blood was collected immediately before loading horses onto trailers for 8 hours of transport (I), immediately after unloading them from the trailer (II), and after subsequent stall rest for 24 hours (III). Hemolysates of blood were prepared, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and activities of the enzymatic antioxidants glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. Enzyme activities were expressed as units of activity per gram of hemoglobin. Results: There were significant decreases in activities (mean ± SD U/g Hb [minimum-maximum]) of GPx between collection times I (36 ± 14 U/g Hb [9-67 U/g Hb]) and III (30 ± 11 U/g Hb [12-51 U/g Hb]) and of GR between collection times I (54 ± 28 U/g Hb [7-117 U/g Hb]) and II (40 ± 23 U/g Hb [12-145 U/g Hb]). There was no significant difference in activities of GR between collection times I and III (50 ± 27 U/g Hb [9-116 U/g Hb]). There were no differences detected in GST activity among the 3 collection times. Conclusions: Road transport has an impact on activities of the antioxidant enzymes GPx and GR, with recovery of GR activity evident by 24 hours post-transport. Decreased activity of these enzymes may be one mechanism for increased susceptibility to infections that are manifest after shipping; alternatively, decreases may indicate utilization as these enzymes work to neutralize increases in reactive oxygen species.
© 2012 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.
Publication Date: 2012-01-19 PubMed ID: 22260732DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2011.00396.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The study reveals that long-distance transportation affects the enzymatic activity related to antioxidant defence in horses. It specifically investigates three enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase) found in equine blood and how their activity changes before transportation, immediately after, and after a subsequent 24-hour recovery period.
Research Methods
- The study was performed on 60 horses of various breeds and aged between 4 to 10 years.
- The horses were subjected to an 8-hour road transport, and blood samples were collected three times: before the journey, immediately after, and after 24 hours of stall rest.
- The blood samples were used to prepare hemolysates, which enabled the measurement of enzyme activities in red blood cells.
- The hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and activities of the three selected enzymes were examined: glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
Research Findings
- The research discovered significant decreases in the activities of GPx and GR following transport.
- The GPx enzyme showed a declined activity between the pre-transport measurements and the 24-hour stall rest period.
- The GR enzyme activity dropped significantly right after transport but recovered by the 24-hour mark, showing no significant difference in activity to the pre-transport stage.
- Contrarily, the activity of GST showed no noticeable changes across the three collection times.
Conclusions
- The research concludes that road transport affects the activity of two out of the three antioxidant enzymes studied (GPx and GR).
- The decreased activity of these enzymes could possibly contribute to an increased susceptibility to infections following transportation or might indicate an increased demand for these enzymes as they work to neutralize the high quantities of reactive oxygen species generated by the stress from transport.
- It is noted that the GR enzyme shows recovery capability, but the long-term impact on equine health requires further research.
Cite This Article
APA
Niedźwiedź A, Nicpoń J, Zawadzki M, Służewska-Niedźwiedź M, Januszewska L.
(2012).
The influence of road transport on the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in equine erythrocytes.
Vet Clin Pathol, 41(1), 123-126.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2011.00396.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland. artur.niedzwiedz@up.wroc.pl
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Erythrocytes / enzymology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / physiology
- Glutathione Peroxidase / blood
- Glutathione Peroxidase / metabolism
- Glutathione Reductase / blood
- Glutathione Reductase / metabolism
- Glutathione Transferase / blood
- Glutathione Transferase / metabolism
- Horses / blood
- Motor Vehicles
- Stress, Physiological
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Zhao H, Xu C, Wang T, Liu J. Biomimetic Construction of Artificial Selenoenzymes.. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023 Jan 28;8(1).
- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Earley B, Edwards S, Faucitano L, Marti S, Miranda de La Lama GC, Costa LN, Thomsen PT, Ashe S, Mur L, Van der Stede Y, Herskin M. Welfare of equidae during transport.. EFSA J 2022 Sep;20(9):e07444.
- Latham CM, Dickson EC, Owen RN, Larson CK, White-Springer SH. Complexed trace mineral supplementation alters antioxidant activities and expression in response to trailer stress in yearling horses in training.. Sci Rep 2021 Apr 1;11(1):7352.
- Hosnedlova B, Kepinska M, Skalickova S, Fernandez C, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Malevu TD, Sochor J, Baron M, Melcova M, Zidkova J, Kizek R. A Summary of New Findings on the Biological Effects of Selenium in Selected Animal Species-A Critical Review.. Int J Mol Sci 2017 Oct 21;18(10).
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