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Veterinary research2016; 47; 49; doi: 10.1186/s13567-016-0333-1

The microbiome associated with equine periodontitis and oral health.

Abstract: Equine periodontal disease is a common and painful condition and its severe form, periodontitis, can lead to tooth loss. Its aetiopathogenesis remains poorly understood despite recent increased awareness of this disorder amongst the veterinary profession. Bacteria have been found to be causative agents of the disease in other species, but current understanding of their role in equine periodontitis is extremely limited. The aim of this study was to use high-throughput sequencing to identify the microbiome associated with equine periodontitis and oral health. Subgingival plaque samples from 24 horses with periodontitis and gingival swabs from 24 orally healthy horses were collected. DNA was extracted from samples, the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplified by PCR and amplicons sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Data processing was conducted using USEARCH and QIIME. Diversity analyses were performed with PAST v3.02. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to determine differences between the groups. In total, 1308 OTUs were identified and classified into 356 genera or higher taxa. Microbial profiles at health differed significantly from periodontitis, both in their composition (p < 0.0001, F = 12.24; PERMANOVA) and in microbial diversity (p < 0.001; Mann-Whitney test). Samples from healthy horses were less diverse (1.78, SD 0.74; Shannon diversity index) and were dominated by the genera Gemella and Actinobacillus, while the periodontitis group samples showed higher diversity (3.16, SD 0.98) and were dominated by the genera Prevotella and Veillonella. It is concluded that the microbiomes associated with equine oral health and periodontitis are distinct, with the latter displaying greater microbial diversity.
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Publication Date: 2016-04-14 PubMed ID: 27080859PubMed Central: PMC4832512DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0333-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the different types of bacteria present in the mouths of horses with oral health issues, specifically periodontitis, in comparison to those with healthy oral conditions. This is conducted through DNA extraction and high-throughput sequencing, revealing that oral health and periodontitis in horses have distinct, diverse microbiomes.

Objective and Methodology

  • The purpose of the research was to understand the microbial environment (microbiome) related to equine periodontitis and oral health. This understanding can provide key insights into the cause, development, and management of the disease in horses, helping improve horse health and welfare.
  • Researchers collected subgingival plaque samples from 24 horses with periodontitis and gingival swabs from 24 orally healthy horses.
  • The DNA from these samples was extracted and amplified for specific parts of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The results underwent high-throughput sequencing using Illumina MiSeq to identify the bacteria present.
  • Data processing methods USEARCH and QIIME were used to help analyze and understand the sequencing results while PAST v3.02 was used for diversity analyses.

Findings and Conclusion

  • A total of 1308 operational taxonomic units (like species, but for bacteria) were identified, classified into 356 different genera or higher taxa.
  • The composition and diversity of the microbial profiles at health were significantly different from those at periodontitis. This was confirmed with a statistical significance (p-value < 0.0001 for composition and < 0.001 for diversity), which suggests that the difference was not due to random chance.
  • Samples from healthy horses were less diverse and were dominated by the genera Gemella and Actinobacillus. On the other hand, the samples from horses with periodontitis showed higher diversity and were dominated by the genera Prevotella and Veillonella.
  • Thus, the research concludes that the microbiomes associated with equine oral health and periodontitis are distinct, with the latter showing a higher microbial diversity. This suggests that specific types of bacteria might be associated with disease development, providing a foundation for further research and potential therapeutic strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Kennedy R, Lappin DF, Dixon PM, Buijs MJ, Zaura E, Crielaard W, O'Donnell L, Bennett D, Brandt BW, Riggio MP. (2016). The microbiome associated with equine periodontitis and oral health. Vet Res, 47, 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0333-1

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 1297-9716
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 47
Pages: 49
PII: 49

Researcher Affiliations

Kennedy, Rebekah
  • Infection and Immunity Research Group, Dental School, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.
Lappin, David Francis
  • Infection and Immunity Research Group, Dental School, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.
Dixon, Padraic Martin
  • Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
Buijs, Mark Johannes
  • Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Zaura, Egija
  • Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Crielaard, Wim
  • Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
O'Donnell, Lindsay
  • Infection and Immunity Research Group, Dental School, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.
Bennett, David
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
Brandt, Bernd Willem
  • Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Riggio, Marcello Pasquale
  • Infection and Immunity Research Group, Dental School, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK. marcello.riggio@glasgow.ac.uk.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bacteria / classification
  • Bacteria / genetics
  • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
  • Female
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Microbiota
  • Mouth / microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Periodontitis / microbiology
  • Periodontitis / veterinary
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
  • Scotland

Grant Funding

  • BB/K501013/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

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