The pathogenesis of tendon microdamage in athletes: the horse as a natural model for basic cellular research.

This research article looks at how injuries to the tendon in horses can provide insights into similar injuries in humans; specifically, the Achilles tendon. The study uses a detailed cell culture model to understand the role of tendon cells in injury development.

Research Background

• The research focuses on the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), a structure that is prone to frequent injuries which bears functional and clinical similarities to the human Achilles tendon (AT).
• Both the SDFT and AT act as vital energy-storage systems during high-speed locomotion in horses and humans respectively, and they can accumulate age- and exercise-related microdamage that increases the risk of rupture during normal activity.

Comparative Studies

• Significant progress in the understanding of the biology and pathology of exercise-induced tendon injuries have been achieved through comparative studies of different types of equine digital tendons.
• These comparisons allow researchers to examine the different functions of each type of tendon and their susceptibilities to injury.

Research Methods

• The research encountered challenges in conducting in-vivo work, hence a large part of the study was conducted via detailed cell culture modelling.
• The research aimed to establish the mechanisms by which tendon cells contribute to and/or play an active role in the onset of microdamage.
• The induced phenotypes had to be mapped back meticulously to the tendon tissue environment in order to ensure congruity and relevance.

Tendon Biology and Pathology

• The research carried out a comprehensive review on the biology of tendon cells, their matrix, and the pathological changes occurring in the context of early injury in both horses and humans.
• Specific focus was placed on using different tendon cell and tissue culture systems to model these occurrences.