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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res / The pathogenic equine streptococci.
Veterinary research2004; 35(4); 397-409; doi: 10.1051/vetres:2004025

The pathogenic equine streptococci.

Abstract: Streptococci pathogenic for the horse include S. equi (S. equi subsp. equi), S. zooepidemicus (S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and S. pneumoniae capsule Type III. S. equi is a clonal descendent or biovar of an ancestral S. zooepidemicus strain with which it shares greater than 98% DNA homology and therefore expresses many of the same proteins and virulence factors. Rapid progress has been made in identification of virulence factors and proteins uniquely expressed by S. equi. Most of these are expressed either on the bacterial surface or are secreted. Notable examples include the antiphagocytic SeM and the secreted pyrogenic superantigens SePE-I and H. The genomic DNA sequence of S. equi will greatly accelerate identification and characterization of additional virulence factors and vaccine targets. Although it is the most frequently isolated opportunist pyogen of the horse, S. zooepidemicus has been the subject of few contemporary research studies. Variation in the protectively immunogenic SzP proteins has, however, been well characterized. Given its opportunist behavior, studies are urgently needed on regulation of virulence factors such as capsule and proteases. Likewise, information is also very limited on virulence factors and associated gene regulation of S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis. It has recently been shown that equine isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are clonal, a feature shared with S. equi. All equine isolates express capsule Type III, are genetically similar, and have deletions in the genes for autolysin and pneumolysin. In summary, the evolving picture of the interaction of the equine pathogenic streptococci and their host is that of multiple virulence factors active at different stages of pathogenesis. The inherent complexity of this interaction suggests that discovery of effective combinations of immunogens from potential targets identified in genomic sequence will be laborious.
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Publication Date: 2004-07-09 PubMed ID: 15236673DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2004025Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article focuses on exploring the pathogenic equine streptococci, including S. equi, S. zooepidemicus and others, their genetic analogousness, expressed virulence factors and how these factors play a crucial role in pathogenesis. The study also highlights the need for further research on these bacteria to understand the regulatory mechanisms of these virulence factors.

Understanding Pathogenic Equine Streptococci

  • The research paper delves into certain specific strains of pathogenic equine streptococci such as S. equi, S. zooepidemicus (S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, and S. pneumoniae capsule Type III. All of these are harmful for horses.
  • It is indicated that S. equi is a clonal descendant of an ancestral S. zooepidemicus strain. This means that it shares more than 98% DNA homology with S. zooepidemicus, which leads it to express many of the same proteins and virulence factors.

Virulence Factors and Their Role

  • The paper posits significant progress in the identification of specific virulence factors and proteins uniquely produced by S. equi. These virulence factors are expressed either on the bacterial surface or are secreted.
  • Among the factors, SeM, an antiphagocytic factor and the secreted pyrogenic superantigens SePE-I and H are highlighted.
  • The sequencing of genomic DNA of S. equi seems to have paved the way for a better understanding and identification of these virulence factors and potential vaccine targets.

Need for Further Research on S. zooepidemicus and S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis

  • Despite being the most frequently isolated opportunist pyogen of the horse, S. zooepidemicus hasn’t been extensively researched upon. Variation in the protectively immunogenic SzP proteins has been extensively characterized, though.
  • The paper highlights the urgent need to explore the regulation of virulence factors such as capsule and proteases within S. zooepidemicus. Similarly, there is limited information on the virulence factors and their gene regulation on S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis.

Clonality in Equine Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae

  • The research showed that equine isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are clonal, an attribute it shares with S. equi. Moreover, it is found that all equine isolates express capsule Type III, are genetically similar and have deletions in the genes for autolysin and pneumolysin.

Conclusion

  • The study paints an image of multiple virulence factors being active at different stages of pathogenesis when it comes to the interaction of pathogenic equine streptococci with their hosts.
  • Due to the complexity of this interaction, finding effective combinations of immunogens from potential targets identified in genomic sequence could be a difficult and labor-intensive task.

Cite This Article

APA
Timoney JF. (2004). The pathogenic equine streptococci. Vet Res, 35(4), 397-409. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2004025

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 0928-4249
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 35
Issue: 4
Pages: 397-409

Researcher Affiliations

Timoney, John F
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA. jtimoney@uky.edu

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / microbiology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
  • Streptococcal Infections / microbiology
  • Streptococcal Infections / veterinary
  • Streptococcus equi / pathogenicity

Citations

This article has been cited 65 times.
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