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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / The percutaneous permeation of a combination of 0.1% octenid...
BMC veterinary research2011; 7; 44; doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-44

The percutaneous permeation of a combination of 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride and 2% 2-phenoxyethanol (octenisept®) through skin of different species in vitro.

Abstract: A water based combination of 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride and 2% 2 - phenoxyethanol is registered in many European countries as an antiseptic solution (octenisept®) for topical treatment with high antimicrobial activity for human use, but octenidine based products have not been registered for veterinary use yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether octenidine dihydrochloride or 2 -phenoxyethanol, the two main components of this disinfectant, permeate through animal skin in vitro. Therefore, permeation studies were conducted using Franz-type diffusion cells. 2 ml of the test compound were applied onto 1.77 cm2 split skin of cats, dogs, cows and horses. To simulate wounded skin, cattle skin was treated with adhesive tapes 100 times, as well. Up to an incubation time of 28 hours samples of the acceptor chamber were taken and were analysed by UV-HPLC. Using the method of the external standard, the apparent permeability coefficient, the flux Jmax, and the recovery were calculated. Furthermore, the residues of both components in the skin samples were determined after completion of the diffusion experiment. Results: After 28 hours no octenidine dihydrochloride was found in the receptor chamber of intact skin samples, while 2.7% of the topical applied octenidine dihydrochloride permeated through barrier disrupted cattle skin. 2 - phenoxyethanol permeated through all skin samples with the highest permeability in equine, followed by bovine, canine to feline skin. Furthermore, both components were found in the stratum corneum and the dermis of all split skin samples with different amounts in the examined species. Conclusions: For 2-phenoxyethanol the systemic impact of the high absorption rate and a potential toxicological risk have to be investigated in further studies. Due to its low absorption rates through the skin, octenidine dihydrochloride is suitable for superficial skin treatment in the examined species.
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Publication Date: 2011-08-11 PubMed ID: 21835019PubMed Central: PMC3180697DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-44Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates if octenidine dihydrochloride or 2 -phenoxyethanol, components of a disinfectant used in human medicine, can permeate through animal skin. The findings show that 2-phenoxyethanol permeated through all animal skin tested, while octenidine dihydrochloride showed low absorption rates, making it suitable for superficial skin treatment in animals.

Study Objectives and Methods

  • The main aim of this research was to understand whether the compounds octenidine dihydrochloride or 2-phenoxyethanol can permeate through the skin of various animals.
  • Octenidine dihydrochloride and 2-phenoxyethanol are both components of a disinfectant known as octenisept®, which is commonly used in human medicine.
  • The permeability of these compounds was tested using Franz-type diffusion cells and examining the skin of different animals such as cats, cows, dogs, horses, and even damaged cattle skin to simulate wounded skin.
  • The permeability coefficient, flux Jmax, and recovery were calculated using the external standard method.
  • Skins were subjected to diffusion experiments and were analyzed by UV-HPLC. The residual levels of both compounds on the skin were also recorded.

Study Findings

  • Through the course of 28 hours, no octenidine dihydrochloride was found to permeate through the skin samples; however, 2.7% of it did permeate through the disrupted skin barrier of cattle.
  • 2-phenoxyethanol permeated through the skin of all the examined animals, exhibiting the highest permeability in equine skin, followed by bovine, canine, and feline skin.
  • Residual levels of both compounds were found in the dermis and stratum corneum of all skin samples, indicating that they can infiltrate the skin to some extent.

Conclusions and Further Studies

  • Given the high absorption rate of 2-phenoxyethanol, further studies are needed to examine any systemic impact and potential toxicological risk it may pose.
  • On the other hand, the low absorption rates of octenidine dihydrochloride through the skin suggest it is suitable for superficial skin treatment in the examined animal species.
  • These findings suggest a potential benefit in exploring the use of these compounds in a veterinary setting although further studies are required to confirm their safety.

Cite This Article

APA
Stahl J, Braun M, Siebert J, Kietzmann M. (2011). The percutaneous permeation of a combination of 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride and 2% 2-phenoxyethanol (octenisept®) through skin of different species in vitro. BMC Vet Res, 7, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-7-44

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 44

Researcher Affiliations

Stahl, Jessica
  • Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany. jessica.stahl@tiho-hannover.de
Braun, Michael
    Siebert, Joerg
      Kietzmann, Manfred

        MeSH Terms

        • Administration, Cutaneous
        • Animals
        • Anti-Infective Agents, Local / administration & dosage
        • Anti-Infective Agents, Local / pharmacokinetics
        • Ethylene Glycols / administration & dosage
        • Ethylene Glycols / pharmacokinetics
        • Imines
        • In Vitro Techniques
        • Pyridines / administration & dosage
        • Pyridines / pharmacokinetics
        • Skin / metabolism
        • Skin Absorption

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        Citations

        This article has been cited 7 times.
        1. Eckert E, Jäger T, Leibold E, Bader M, Göen T, Hiller J. Dermal penetration of 2-phenoxyethanol in humans: in vivo metabolism and toxicokinetics. Arch Toxicol 2025 Mar;99(3):1095-1103.
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        2. Eigner F, Keller S, Schmitt S, Corti S, Nolff MC. Efficiency of octenidine dihydrochloride alcohol combination compared to ethanol based skin antiseptics for preoperative skin preparation in dogs. PLoS One 2023;18(11):e0293211.
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        3. Vereshchagin AN, Frolov NA, Egorova KS, Seitkalieva MM, Ananikov VP. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) and Ionic Liquids (ILs) as Biocides: From Simple Antiseptics to Tunable Antimicrobials. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Jun 24;22(13).
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