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Acta veterinaria Scandinavica1974; 15(3); 310-324; doi: 10.1186/BF03547461

The physiological and biochemical response of standardbred horses to exercise of varying speed and duration.

Abstract: LINDHOLM, ARNE and BENGT SALTIN: The physiological and biochemical response of standardbred horses to exercise of varying speed and duration. Acta vet. scand. 1974, 15, 310–324. — Welltrained standardbred horses were studied to examine the metabolic response to excercise of various speeds and duration. Comparisons between interval (400, 700, 1,000 and 2,000 m) and continuous trotting (1 hr., 2 hrs.) and racing were made. Muscle and rectal temperatures were recorded before and immediately after each work bout. Heart rate was linearly related to trotting speed, and maximal heart rate (240 beats × min.−1) was achieved when trotting at least 700 m at close to maximal speed (12.0–12.5 m×sec.−1). Biopsy specimens from the gluteus medius muscle and venous blood were obtained before and after each work bout. Muscle and blood lactate values were markedly increased first at speeds close to maximal speed (11.4–12.5 m×sec.−1). Trotting 6×700 m at 12.5 m×sec.−1 produced as high muscle and blood lactate values as 23.7 and 19.0 mmol×kg−1 wet weight and l−1, respectively. Corresponding values after a race were about 15 mmol×kg−1 (muscle) and l−1 (blood). Glycogen utilization was related to work intensity and was most pronounced during the first work bouts. At a speed of 12 m×sec.−1 and trotting 2000 m, there was a glycogen utilization of near 12 mmol glucose units × kg−1 × min.−1 wet muscle. It is concluded that interval training over a distance of 700–1000 m repeated 4–6 times with a trotting speed close to maximal speed (11.4–12.5 m×sec.−1) appears to be optimal. ATP; CP; blood lactate; glycogen utilization; heart rate; horse skeletal muscle; muscle lactate; racing training. Det fysiologiska och biokemiska svaret på träning av varierande intensitet och utsträckning hos travhästar. Vältränade travhästar studerades för att undersöka effekten av olika typer av travarbeten på vissa metaboliska parametrar. Intervallträning (400, 700, 1000 och 2000 m), distansträning (1 och 2 tim) samt tävling har jämförts. Muskel- och rektaltemperatur mättes före och omedelbart efter varje travpass. Hjärtfrekvensen befanns vara direkt relaterad till travhastigheten. Den maximala hjärtfrekvensen (240 slag × min−1) registrerades vid travarbete nära maximal fart (12,0–12,5 m × sek−1) i minst 700 m. Muskelbiopsier från gluteus medius samt blod från vena jugularis togs före och efter varje travpass. Koncentrationen av muskel- och blodlaktat steg kraftigt först vid farter nära maximal fart (11,4–12,5 m × sek−1). Vid 6 st 700 m travarbeten (12,5 m × sek−1) med 5 min intervall erhölls så höga muskel- och blodlaktatvärden som 23,7 och 19,0 mmoler × kg−1 våt muskel respektive l−1 blod. Motsvarande tävlingsvärden uppgick till 15 mmoler × kg−1 våt muskel respektive l−1 blod. Glykogen förbrukningen var relaterad till arbetsintensiteten och var störst under de första passen vid intervallträningen. Vid en hastighet av 12 m × sek−1 och 2000 m distans var glykogenförbrukningen nära 12 mmoler glukosenheter × kg−1 våt muskel × min−1. Sammanfattningsvis konstateras att intervallträning 700–1000 m upprepade 4–6 ggr i nära maximal fart (11,4–12,5 m × sek−1) synes ge optimal träningseffekt.
Publication Date: 1974-01-01 PubMed ID: 4416409PubMed Central: PMC8407319DOI: 10.1186/BF03547461Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about the physiological and biochemical response of well-trained standardbred horses to various speeds and periods of exercise. The study reported how trotting speed, heart rate, muscle, and blood lactate as well as glycogen utilization are affected.

Objective of the Study

  • The primary goal of this study was to understand the metabolic responses of well-trained standardbred horses to different exercises varying in speed and duration.
  • The researchers made comparisons between interval (400, 700, 1000, and 2000 m) and continuous trotting (1 hour, 2 hours) and racing.

Method of the Study

  • The heart rate of the horses were measured, and it was found that it linearly related to the trotting speed. The maximal heart rate was recorded when horses trotted at least 700 m at near maximal speed.
  • Muscle and rectal temperatures were recorded before and after each work bout.
  • Biopsy samples from the gluteus medius muscle were taken, and venous blood was obtained before and after each work bout.

Findings of the Study

  • The study found that muscle and blood lactate values significantly escalated at speeds near to the maximum speed.
  • Glycogen utilization was associated with work intensity and was most prominent during the initial work bouts.
  • They found that a trotting speed close to the maximal speed during interval training over a distance of 700-1000 meters repeated 4-6 times appeared to be optimal for these horses.

Conclusion

  • The results of this study provide crucial insights into the optimal training methods for standardbred horses, specifically regarding intensity and duration.
  • Understanding these metabolic responses to exercise can help in developing more efficient and effective training programs for horses, minimizing the risk of injuries and enhancing performance in races.

Cite This Article

APA
Lindholm A, Saltin B. (1974). The physiological and biochemical response of standardbred horses to exercise of varying speed and duration. Acta Vet Scand, 15(3), 310-324. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547461

Publication

ISSN: 0044-605X
NlmUniqueID: 0370400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 310-324

Researcher Affiliations

Lindholm, A
    Saltin, B

      MeSH Terms

      • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
      • Animals
      • Biopsy, Needle / veterinary
      • Blood Glucose / metabolism
      • Body Temperature
      • Female
      • Glucose / metabolism
      • Glucosephosphates / metabolism
      • Glycogen / metabolism
      • Heart Rate
      • Horses / physiology
      • Lactates / blood
      • Lactates / metabolism
      • Male
      • Methods
      • Muscles / metabolism
      • Muscles / physiology
      • Phosphocreatine / metabolism
      • Physical Exertion
      • Time Factors

      References

      This article includes 12 references
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      Citations

      This article has been cited 7 times.
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      2. Arai T, Washizu T, Hamada S, Sako T, Takagi S, Yashiki K, Motoyoshi S. Glucose transport and glycolytic enzyme activities in erythrocytes of two-year-old thoroughbreds undergoing training exercise. Vet Res Commun 1994;18(6):417-22.
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      4. Pösö AR, Soveri T, Oksanen HE. The effect of exercise on blood parameters in standardbred and Finnish-bred horses. Acta Vet Scand 1983;24(2):170-84.
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