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Veterinary world2022; 15(4); 1107-1112; doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1107-1112

The position of ground electrode affects electrocardiographic parameters in horses.

Abstract: Improper attachment of the grounding lead is one of the artifacts and causes difficulty in interpretation of ECG. This study aimed to examine the effects of the position of a ground electrode on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in horses. Unassigned: Sixteen Arabian horses without any cardiac problems were included in this study. The animals were divided into two groups, the base-apex lead method 1 (BA1 method) and the base-apex lead method 2 (BA2 method) with the reposition of the ground limb electrode to the xiphoid. ECG recordings (paper speed=25 mm/s and calibration=10 mm/mV) were performed to obtain six limb leads (leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF). The amplitude and duration of P waves and QRS complexes, PR interval, QT interval, and T duration were analyzed. T wave morphology was observed. Heart rate was evaluated by using R-R interval in each recording. Unassigned: Heart rate, P duration and amplitude, PR interval and T duration, and QRS duration and amplitude were not significantly different between the BA1 and the BA2 method, except that the BA2 method had a significantly higher QT interval than did the BA1 method (p<0.05). A higher significance of the percentage of coefficient of variation was seen on the P wave amplitude and the ORS amplitude in the BA1 method when compared to BA2 method (p<0.05). Unassigned: These data indicated that base-apex lead method with reposition of the ground limb electrode to the xiphoid can decrease variation of ECG configuration and might be useful for routine ECG evaluation and monitoring in horses. The limitation of this study was the evaluation of cardiac morphology and function by echocardiography to exclude cardiac problems. In further, the studies should examine the effect of breed, age, body weight, and sex on electrocardiography parameters in horses.
Copyright: © Kenchaiwong, et al.
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Publication Date: 2022-04-27 PubMed ID: 35698497PubMed Central: PMC9178585DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1107-1112Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper discusses a study carried out to determine how the placement of a grounding electrode can impact the results of an electrocardiograph (ECG) on horses, observed that repositioning the ground limb electrode to the xiphoid can reduce variation in ECG results and may be useful for routine ECG assessments in horses.

Objective and Methodology

  • The primary objective of the research was to better understand the influence of the ground electrode’s position on the ECG parameters in horses.
  • For the study, they used 16 healthy Arabian horses and split them into two groups. They used two different methods of electrode placement, base-apex lead method 1 (BA1) and base-apex lead method 2 (BA2), in which the ground limb electrode was positioned on the xiphoid.
  • ECG recordings were taken under controlled conditions, and each attempted to derive readings using six limb leads.
  • The various elements under observation were durations and amplitudes of P waves and QRS complexes, PR and QT intervals, and T wave durations. Heart rate was assessed via the R-R interval in the recordings.

Results

  • The study found that there was no significant alteration in the heart rate, P duration and amplitude, PR interval and T duration, and QRS duration and amplitude between BA1 and BA2 methods, besides the fact that BA2 method had a significantly higher QT interval.
  • A higher percentage of coefficient variation was observed on P wave amplitude and the QRS amplitude in the BA1 method as opposed to the BA2 method.
  • This implies that the repositioning of the electrode to the xiphoid (BA2 method) can reduce variations in ECG readings, potentially increasing their reliability in routine evaluations and monitoring.

Limitations and Further Study

  • The limitation pointed out in the study was that it did not involve the use of echocardiographs to exclude cardiac problems. This could have been a confounding factor in the results.
  • The researchers suggested additional studies to explore the effects of other factors such as breed, age, body weight, and sex on the ECG parameters in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Kenchaiwong W, Sangpo P, Kusol A, Pontaema T, Lerdweeraphon W. (2022). The position of ground electrode affects electrocardiographic parameters in horses. Vet World, 15(4), 1107-1112. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1107-1112

Publication

Veterinary world
ISSN: 0972-8988
NlmUniqueID: 101504872
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Pages: 1107-1112

Researcher Affiliations

Kenchaiwong, Wootichai
  • Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand.
  • Small Ruminant Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand.
  • Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Sangpo, Pamika
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand.
Kusol, Anawach
  • Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand.
Pontaema, Theerapong
  • Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand.
Lerdweeraphon, Wichaporn
  • Applied Animal Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand.
  • Small Ruminant Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Triguinho A, Fontes-Sousa AP, Pimenta J, Cotovio M. Electrocardiographic Reference Values in Clinically Healthy Lusitano Horses. Vet Sci 2023 Aug 10;10(8).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci10080518pubmed: 37624305google scholar: lookup
  2. Pontaema T, Pongthaisong P, Kenchaiwong W, Chompoosan C, Lerdweeraphon W. Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method. Vet World 2024 Jun;17(6):1385-1390.
    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1385-1390pubmed: 39077445google scholar: lookup
  3. Chompoosan C, Pongthaisong P, Kenchaiwong W, Pontaema T, Lerdweeraphon W. Effects of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses. Vet World 2023 Aug;16(8):1765-1771.
    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1765-1771pubmed: 37766709google scholar: lookup
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