The radiographic and histologic appearance of controlled surgical manipulation of the equine periosteum.
Abstract: This study documented the normal histologic features of the equine metacarpal and metatarsal periosteum and characterized its osteogenic response to surgical manipulation. Two periosteal flaps were elevated from the dorsomedial matacarpal and metatarsal diaphysis in each of three limbs of four yearling and four adult lightbreed horses. The superficial metacarpal cortex under the flap was resected with a bone chisel in one-half of the horses and was undisturbed in the remainder. One periosteal flap in each limb was excised and the other flap was replaced and secured by sutures. All limbs in the horses were radiographed at regular intervals postoperatively. Horses were killed either 30 or 120 days after surgery. Periosteal bone production occurred only at treatment sites of young horses treated by periosteal flap replacement and was limited to approximately 50% of these sites, as determined by radiography and microradiography. Cortical abrasion resulted in an increased incidence of bone production in the periosteum adjacent to the flap perimeter. The histologic features of the periosteum were similar to those reported in other species; young horses had active osteogenesis referable to appositional growth and adults had an inactive periosteum. Histologically, osteogenesis induced by surgery resembled accentuated appositional growth in both yearlings and adults. In the horse, the cambial (osteogenic) layer is included in sharply elevated periosteal flaps. It should be removed in surgical procedures where bone production is to be avoided, and preserved where osteogenesis is desired.
Publication Date: 1987-01-01 PubMed ID: 3507120DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1987.tb00907.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study aimed to understand the effect of surgical manipulation on the horse’s periosteum, a membrane that covers bone structures, specifically focusing on observing its normal histologic features and its osteogenic responses of lightbreed horses.
Methodology
- The researchers conducted an experiment that involved the controlled surgical manipulation of the periosteum in the metacarpal and metatarsal areas of the limbs of both yearling and adult lightbreed horses.
- Two periosteal flaps were surgically raised from each of the three limbs of all the horses. The underlying bone in half of the horses was abraded in a controlled manner during this procedure.
- Each limb underwent two treatment variations – in one, the periosteal flap was entirely removed, whereas in the other it was reattached and secured with sutures.
- All subjects were put through regular radiographic tests post-surgery and were subsequently euthanized either 30 or 120 days after the operation for further analysis.
Findings
- The osteogenic response or formation of bone was observed only in the younger subjects where the periosteal flap was surgically reattached. However, even in these circumstances, it was limited to approximately half of the investigated sites.
- It was found that controlled abrasion of the cortex increased the incidence of bone formation in the periosteum adjacent to the flap perimeter.
- Periosteal characteristics were relatively similar across different species. Active osteogenesis was associated with younger horses, while in adults, the periosteum was usually inactive.
- The bone growth caused by surgical induction in both yearlings and adults was found to be an accentuated form of appositional growth or layer-by-layer addition of new bone.
Conclusions
- The study revealed that the cambial (osteogenic) layer gets included in periosteal flaps when they are sharply elevated during surgery.
- In instances where it is crucial to avoid bone production, this layer should be removed. Conversely, the layer should be retained in situations where osteogenesis is aimed at.
Cite This Article
APA
Caron JP, Barber SM, Doige CE, Pharr JW.
(1987).
The radiographic and histologic appearance of controlled surgical manipulation of the equine periosteum.
Vet Surg, 16(1), 13-20.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1987.tb00907.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses / surgery
- Humans
- Metacarpus / anatomy & histology
- Metacarpus / diagnostic imaging
- Metacarpus / surgery
- Metatarsus / anatomy & histology
- Metatarsus / diagnostic imaging
- Metatarsus / surgery
- Microradiography / veterinary
- Periosteum / anatomy & histology
- Periosteum / diagnostic imaging
- Periosteum / surgery
Citations
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