The relationship between single radial hemolysis, hemagglutination inhibition, and virus neutralization assays used to detect antibodies specific for equine influenza viruses.
Abstract: Antibodies specific for equine influenza viruses are usually quantified using single radial hemolysis (SRH), hemagglutination inhibition (HI) or virus neutralization (VN). Neutralizing antibodies are thought to provide optimum protection to challenged animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which SRH and HI assays detect antibodies which neutralize equine influenza viruses. Acute and convalescent sera from 41 horses were analyzed using VN, SRH, and HI assays. These horses were present in a population of Thoroughbred racehorses during an epidemic of upper respiratory tract disease associated with influenza A/equine/Saskatoon/1/91 (H3N8), infections. Concentrations of antibodies binding to influenza A/equine/Kentucky/1/81 (H3N8), A/equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8), and A/equine/Prague/1/56 (H7N7) were determined. Results of the VN assay were compared with results from the SRH and HI assays for acute antibody levels, changes in antibody concentrations between acute and convalescent sampling, and the occurrence of seroconversion. The correlation between assays for pre-exposure antibody levels ranged from 88% to 96%. The correlation between assays for change in antibody concentration ranged from 83% to 90% for the H3N8 viruses. This study shows that antibody concentrations specific for equine influenza virus, measured using SRH and HI assays, are highly correlated with concentrations detected using a VN assay.
Publication Date: 1995-06-01 PubMed ID: 7653031DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(94)00105-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research explores how different tests used to detect antibodies specific for equine influenza viruses relate and compare with each other in effectiveness.
Objective of the Study
- The primary goal of this study was to understand the extent to which Single Radial Hemolysis (SRH) and Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assays are effective at identifying antibodies that neutralize equine influenza viruses in comparison to the Virus Neutralization (VN) assay believed to provide optimal protection in assessing challenged animals.
Methodology
- The study involved analyzing acute and convalescent sera taken from 41 Thoroughbred racehorses during an epidemic of an upper respiratory tract disease related to influenza A. This analysis was done using the VN, SRH, and HI assays.
- The researchers focused on measuring concentrations of antibodies binding to certain strains of influenza A.
Comparative Study and Results
- The VN assay results were then compared with results from the SRH and HI assays. The comparison took into account acute antibody levels, changes in antibody concentrations between acute and convalescent sampling stages, and the incidence of seroconversion (the time period during which a specific antibody develops and becomes detectable in the blood).
- The correlation of pre-exposure antibody levels between assays ranged from 88% to 96%, indicating a strong correlation between the effectiveness of the assays.
- Similarly, the correlation for change in antibody concentration ranged from 83% to 90% for the H3N8 viruses.
- Meaning that the antibody concentrations specific for equine influenza viruses, as measured using SRH and HI assays were in strong agreement with concentrations detected using a VN assay.
Conclusion
- In conclusion, the study demonstrates that concentrations of antibodies against equine influenza virus detected with both SRH and HI tests are closely related to those detected using the VN test. This correlation suggests that these tests can effectively be used in concert with each other.
Cite This Article
APA
Morley PS, Hanson LK, Bogdan JR, Townsend HG, Appleton JA, Haines DM.
(1995).
The relationship between single radial hemolysis, hemagglutination inhibition, and virus neutralization assays used to detect antibodies specific for equine influenza viruses.
Vet Microbiol, 45(1), 81-92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(94)00105-6 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Respiratory Disease Research Group, Departments of Veterinary Internal Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / veterinary
- Hemolytic Plaque Technique / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Neutralization Tests / veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / blood
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Carnet F, Paillot R, Fortier C, Hue ES, Briot L, de Geoffroy F, Vidalain PO, Pronost S. Immunostimulating Effect of Inactivated Parapoxvirus Ovis on the Serological Response to Equine Influenza Booster Vaccination.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Dec 14;10(12).
- El-Hage C, Hartley C, Savage C, Watson J, Gilkerson J, Paillot R. Assessment of Humoral and Long-Term Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Recombinant Canarypox-Vectored Equine Influenza Virus Vaccination in Horses Using Conventional and Accelerated Regimens Respectively.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 May 26;10(6).
- Oladunni FS, Oseni SO, Martinez-Sobrido L, Chambers TM. Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines.. Viruses 2021 Aug 20;13(8).
- Karam B, Wilson WD, Chambers TM, Reedy S, Pusterla N. Hemagglutinin inhibition antibody responses to commercial equine influenza vaccines in vaccinated horses.. Can Vet J 2021 Mar;62(3):266-272.
- Reemers S, Sonnemans D, Horspool L, van Bommel S, Cao Q, van de Zande S. Determining Equine Influenza Virus Vaccine Efficacy-The Specific Contribution of Strain Versus Other Vaccine Attributes.. Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Sep 3;8(3).
- Kinsley R, Pronost S, De Bock M, Temperton N, Daly JM, Paillot R, Scott S. Evaluation of a Pseudotyped Virus Neutralisation Test for the Measurement of Equine Influenza Virus-Neutralising Antibody Responses Induced by Vaccination and Infection.. Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Aug 21;8(3).
- Heeringa M, Leav B, Smolenov I, Palladino G, Isakov L, Matassa V. Comparability of Titers of Antibodies against Seasonal Influenza Virus Strains as Determined by Hemagglutination Inhibition and Microneutralization Assays.. J Clin Microbiol 2020 Aug 24;58(9).
- Trombetta CM, Remarque EJ, Mortier D, Montomoli E. Comparison of hemagglutination inhibition, single radial hemolysis, virus neutralization assays, and ELISA to detect antibody levels against seasonal influenza viruses.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018 Nov;12(6):675-686.
- Gildea S, Garvey M, Lyons P, Lyons R, Gahan J, Walsh C, Cullinane A. Multifocal Equine Influenza Outbreak with Vaccination Breakdown in Thoroughbred Racehorses.. Pathogens 2018 Apr 17;7(2).
- Wang B, Russell ML, Brewer A, Newton J, Singh P, Ward BJ, Loeb M. Single radial haemolysis compared to haemagglutinin inhibition and microneutralization as a correlate of protection against influenza A H3N2 in children and adolescents.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2017 May;11(3):283-288.
- Trombetta CM, Perini D, Mather S, Temperton N, Montomoli E. Overview of Serological Techniques for Influenza Vaccine Evaluation: Past, Present and Future.. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 Oct 13;2(4):707-34.
- Pouwels HG, Van de Zande SM, Horspool LJ, Hoeijmakers MJ. Efficacy of a non-updated, Matrix-C-based equine influenza subunit-tetanus vaccine following Florida sublineage clade 2 challenge.. Vet Rec 2014 Jun 21;174(25):633.
- Scott S, Molesti E, Temperton N, Ferrara F, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Daly J. The use of equine influenza pseudotypes for serological screening.. J Mol Genet Med 2012;6:304-8.
- Chambers TM, Quinlivan M, Sturgill T, Cullinane A, Horohov DW, Zamarin D, Arkins S, García-Sastre A, Palese P. Influenza A viruses with truncated NS1 as modified live virus vaccines: pilot studies of safety and efficacy in horses.. Equine Vet J 2009 Jan;41(1):87-92.
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