The reliability of endoscopic examination in assessment of arytenoid cartilage movement in horses. Part II. Influence of side of examination, reexamination, and sedation.
Abstract: Twenty Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses underwent endoscopic evaluation of arytenoid cartilage movement twice within 1 week. Each time, a flexible endoscope was passed without sedation through the right nostril and the left nostril, and through the right nostril 5 minutes after administration of xylazine hydrochloride (0.55 mg/kg or 1.1 mg/kg intravenously). Laryngeal cartilage movement was videorecorded. All videotaped images were reviewed by three veterinarians and subjectively placed in one of four grades. The intraobserver agreement rate varied from 52.6% for examination under sedation with 1.1 mg/kg of xylazine to 89.5% for unsedated reexamination through the left nostril. The effect of the various observations on median laryngeal grade was calculated. Examination under xylazine hydrochloride at either dosage yielded a change in median laryngeal grade from the unsedated examination in 45% of the evaluations. Reevaluation through the right or left nostril resulted in a different median laryngeal grade in 21% and 5% of the examinations, respectively. Objective measurements of the rima glottidis obtained by computer-assisted morphometric analysis of the recorded laryngeal images allowed laryngeal images to be dichotomized regardless of the condition of endoscopic examination. Endoscopic evaluation of laryngeal cartilage movement is subjective and is influenced by sedation with xylazine, evaluation through the alternate nostril, and different day of examination. The most consistent evaluation was obtained during repeated examination through the left nostril.
Publication Date: 1991-05-01 PubMed ID: 1853550DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00332.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research study investigates the reliability of endoscopic examination for assessing arytenoid cartilage movement in horses, and factors that influence its consistency like side of examination, reexamination, and sedation.
Research Process
- Taking into account a group of twenty Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses, the researchers performed endoscopic evaluations of arytenoid cartilage movement twice within a span of one week.
- These assessments took place via passing a flexible endoscope through the horse’s right nostril and left nostril, and once more through the right nostril after administering a dose of xylazine hydrochloride, acting as a sedative.
- Videos were recorded capturing the laryngeal cartilage movement for each of these instances.
- Three veterinarians were tasked to assess these videorecorded images and categorize the cartilage movement seen into one of four grades.
Findings
- The study concluded that the level of agreement rate among the observers differed greatly depending on the situation. It ranged from 52.6% for examination under sedation with a higher dosage of xylazine to 89.5% for an unsedated reevaluation conducted via the left nostril.
- An examination under the influence of xylazine hydrochloride, regardless of the dosage used, lead to a change in the median laryngeal grade from an unsedated examination in nearly half of the evaluations.
- Additionally, a reexamination through either nostril resulted in a different median laryngeal grade in 21% and 5% of the examinations for the right and left nostril respectively.
- The research utilized computer-assisted morphometric analysis to objectively measure the rima glottidis (the opening between the vocal cords) from the recorded laryngeal images.
Conclusions
- This research study concluded that endoscopic evaluations for laryngeal cartilage movement is not an absolute process and is subject to variance due to factors such as sedation with xylazine, evaluation through an alternate nostril, and simply the day of examination.
- As per the study outcomes, the most consistent evaluation results were obtained via a repeated examination conducted through the horse’s left nostril.
Cite This Article
APA
Ducharme NG, Hackett RP, Fubini SL, Erb HN.
(1991).
The reliability of endoscopic examination in assessment of arytenoid cartilage movement in horses. Part II. Influence of side of examination, reexamination, and sedation.
Vet Surg, 20(3), 180-184.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb00332.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arytenoid Cartilage / drug effects
- Arytenoid Cartilage / physiology
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Laryngoscopy / veterinary
- Male
- Movement
- Observer Variation
- Videotape Recording
- Xylazine / pharmacology
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Miller SM. Endoscopic recurrent laryngeal neuropathy grade prevalence in a sample of thoroughbred yearlings at public auction in South Africa (2013-2019). J S Afr Vet Assoc 2020 Apr 20;91(0):e1-e5.
- Collins N, Milne E, Hahn C, Dixon P. Correlation of the Havemeyer endoscopic laryngeal grading system with histopathological changes in equine Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscles. Ir Vet J 2009 May 1;62(5):334-8.
- Dupuis MC, Zhang Z, Druet T, Denoix JM, Charlier C, Lekeux P, Georges M. Results of a haplotype-based GWAS for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in the horse. Mamm Genome 2011 Oct;22(9-10):613-20.
- Butt TD, MacDonald DG, Crawford WH, Dechant JE. Persistent right aortic arch in a yearling horse. Can Vet J 1998 Nov;39(11):714-5.
- Martin-Flores M, Sakai DM, Campoy L, Cheetham J. A model of transient laryngeal hemiplegia in dogs through conduction blockade of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Am J Vet Res 2022 Jul 30;83(10).
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