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Canadian journal of comparative medicine : Revue canadienne de medecine comparee1970; 34(1); 1-5;

The response of ponies to Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2. I. Serum and nasal antibody titres following exposure.

Abstract: The antibody response in serum and nasal secretions of groups of ponies vaccinated or infected with Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2 was examined. Following infection by aerosol with live virus, a weak antibody response was recorded in both serum and secretions. Antibody levels were undetectable in secretions at 31 days after infection. After primary intramuscular vaccination with killed virus, using sodium alginate as an adjuvant, antibody was detected only in the serum. However, following revaccination, a pronounced antibody response was demonstrated in both serum and secretions. Antibody was still detectable in all four ponies when tested 135 days later. Only a serum antibody response was detected in ponies after primary intramuscular vaccination with a commercial vaccine. Upon revaccination nasal antibody occurred in all ponies but this only persisted for about 30 days. Neither serum nor nasal antibody response occurred following intranasal vaccination and revaccination with a killed virus vaccine.
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Publication Date: 1970-01-01 PubMed ID: 4245998PubMed Central: PMC1319411
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study observed the presence of antibodies in ponies after exposure, either through vaccination or infection, to Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2. It was found that the immune response differed depending on the route of exposure, with a notable difference in response after a second vaccination.

Research Overview

  • The researchers aimed to determine how horses respond to the Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2, a type of virus that causes flu-like symptoms in horses.
  • The method of exposure was either by aerosol (inhalation) with the live virus or by injection with a killed virus vaccine.
  • Responses were analyzed by measuring the presence of antibodies in both serum (a component of blood) and nasal secretions. Antibodies indicate that the immune system has recognized and is responding to a foreign invader, such as a virus.

Results After Aerosol Exposure to Live Virus

  • After infection by aerosol, there was only a weak antibody response in both serum and nasal secretions.
  • By the 31st day following infection, antibodies were no longer detectable in nasal secretions.

Results After Intramuscular Vaccination with Killed Virus

  • Following the primary vaccination, antibodies were only detected in the serum and not in nasal secretions.
  • However, after revaccination (a second vaccination), a noticeable antibody response was shown in both serum and nasal secretions.
  • When the ponies were tested 135 days after the revaccination, antibodies were still present in all.

Results After Using a Commercial Vaccine

  • Upon the primary vaccination with the commercial vaccine, only a serum antibody response was seen.
  • With revaccination, nasal antibodies were present in all ponies, however, this response only persisted for about 30 days.
  • No nasal or serum antibody response was seen after intranasal vaccination and revaccination with a killed virus vaccine.

Conclusion

  • The study’s findings suggest that the method of exposure, whether by infection or vaccination, and the type of vaccine used, influence the body’s immune response to Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2.
  • In particular, a secondary or “booster” vaccination seems to result in a more robust antibody response in both blood and nasal secretions, at least temporarily.
  • However, further research is likely needed to explore why different routes of vaccination show such variable results and how these findngs can improve vaccine efficacy and horse health management strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Rouse BT, Ditchfield WJ. (1970). The response of ponies to Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2. I. Serum and nasal antibody titres following exposure. Can J Comp Med, 34(1), 1-5.

Publication

Canadian journal of comparative medicine : Revue canadienne de medecine comparee
ISSN: 0008-4050
NlmUniqueID: 0151747
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 34
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-5

Researcher Affiliations

Rouse, B T
    Ditchfield, W J

      MeSH Terms

      • Adjuvants, Immunologic
      • Aerosols
      • Alginates
      • Animals
      • Antibodies / analysis
      • Antibody Formation / drug effects
      • Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
      • Horses / immunology
      • Influenza Vaccines / pharmacology
      • Injections, Intramuscular
      • Neutralization Tests
      • Nose / analysis
      • Nose / immunology
      • Orthomyxoviridae / classification
      • Vaccination

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 3 times.
      1. Whitlock F, Murcia PR, Newton JR. A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective. Viruses 2022 Jun 15;14(6).
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      2. Widders PR, Stokes CR, David JS, Bourne FJ. Specific antibody in the equine genital tract following systemic and local immunization. Immunology 1985 Apr;54(4):763-9.
        pubmed: 3980048
      3. Small PA Jr, Waldman RH, Bruno JC, Gifford GE. Influenza infection in ferrets: role of serum antibody in protection and recovery. Infect Immun 1976 Feb;13(2):417-24.
        doi: 10.1128/iai.13.2.417-424.1976pubmed: 1262059google scholar: lookup
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