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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / The Role of the Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) US3-Encode...
Viruses2016; 8(10); 275; doi: 10.3390/v8100275

The Role of the Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) US3-Encoded Protein Kinase in Actin Reorganization and Nuclear Egress.

Abstract: The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by gene (pUS3) of alphaherpesviruses was shown to modulate actin reorganization, cell-to-cell spread, and virus egress in a number of virus species. However, the role of the US3 orthologues of equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) has not yet been studied. Here, we show that is not essential for virus replication in vitro. However, growth rates and plaque diameters of a -deleted EHV-1 and a mutant in which the catalytic active site was destroyed were significantly reduced when compared with parental and revertant viruses or a virus in which EHV-1 was replaced with the corresponding EHV-4 gene. The reduced plaque sizes were consistent with accumulation of primarily enveloped virions in the perinuclear space of the -negative EHV-1, a phenotype that was also rescued by the EHV-4 orthologue. Furthermore, actin stress fiber disassembly was significantly more pronounced in cells infected with parental EHV-1, revertant, or the recombinant EHV-1 expressing EHV-4 . Finally, we observed that deletion of in EHV-1 did not affect the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of infected cells.
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Publication Date: 2016-10-12 PubMed ID: 27754319PubMed Central: PMC5086611DOI: 10.3390/v8100275Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the role of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) US3-encoded protein kinase on processes like actin reorganization and nuclear egress. Results indicate that while this protein kinase isn’t essential for virus replication, its absence does contribute to reduced growth rates and smaller plaque diameters in the virus.

Background of the Study

  • The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by gene US3 in alphaherpesviruses has been demonstrated to influence actin reorganization, cell-to-cell spread, and virus egress for various virus species.
  • No previous studies, however, have specifically focused on the role of US3 orthologues in equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4).
  • The researchers undertook this study to fill that gap in knowledge and understand the influences of the US3-encoded protein kinase in these viruses.

Methodology and Findings

  • The researchers began by testing the necessity of the US3-encoded protein kinase for virus replication in vitro.
  • They found that the protein kinase was not absolutely essential for virus replication.
  • This was seen when an EHV-1 variant with a deleted US3-encoded protein kinase, and a mutation at the kinase’s catalytic active site, was still able to replicate, albeit at significantly lower rates than the parent or revertant strains.
  • Along with lower replication rates, this deletion or inactivation of US3 also resulted in smaller plaque diameters.
  • Associated with the smaller plaque sizes was an accumulation of primarily enveloped virions in infected cells’ perinuclear spaces.
  • The changes seen in the virus with the US3 deletion could be rescued by the EHV-4 orthologue.

Impact on Actin and Adhesion Molecules

  • The researchers also discovered a significant difference in actin stress fiber disassembly between cells infected with the parent EHV-1 and those infected with the virus with the deleted US3.
  • The difference was also observed against cells infected with the EHV-1 virus expressing EHV-4 US3.
  • Finally, the study showed that a deletion of US3 in EHV-1 had no impact on the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of the infected cells.

Conclusion

  • While the US3-encoded protein kinase in equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 is not essential for viral replication, its functionality and presence significantly influence the virus’s growth rate, plaque diameter, and actin stress fiber disassembly.
  • The deletion of this protein kinase does not, conversely, impact the expression of adhesion molecules.

Cite This Article

APA
Proft A, Spiesschaert B, Izume S, Taferner S, Lehmann MJ, Azab W. (2016). The Role of the Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) US3-Encoded Protein Kinase in Actin Reorganization and Nuclear Egress. Viruses, 8(10), 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8100275

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 10
PII: 275

Researcher Affiliations

Proft, Alexandra
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. AlexProft@gmx.de.
Spiesschaert, Bart
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. bart.spiesschaert@fu-berlin.de.
Izume, Satoko
  • Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan. s5110002@edu.gifu-u.ac.jp.
Taferner, Selina
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. selina@taferner.de.
Lehmann, Maik J
  • Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen, Germany. mj.lehmann@th-bingen.de.
Azab, Walid
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. wfazab@zedat.fu-berlin.de.
  • Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt. wfazab@zedat.fu-berlin.de.

MeSH Terms

  • Actins / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Gene Knockout Techniques
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / enzymology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / growth & development
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions
  • Humans
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • Viral Plaque Assay
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism
  • Virus Release

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
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  3. Kamel M, Pavulraj S, Fauler B, Mielke T, Azab W. Equid Herpesvirus-1 Exploits the Extracellular Matrix of Mononuclear Cells to Ensure Transport to Target Cells.. iScience 2020 Oct 23;23(10):101615.
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  6. Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Laval K, Favoreel HW, Couck L, Van den Broeck W, Azab W, Nauwynck HJ. Equine Herpesvirus 1 Bridles T Lymphocytes To Reach Its Target Organs.. J Virol 2019 Apr 1;93(7).
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