The Streptococcus equi prophage-encoded protein SEQ2045 is a hyaluronan-specific hyaluronate lyase that is produced during equine infection.
Abstract: Streptococcus equi causes equine 'strangles'. Hyaluronate lyases, which degrade connective tissue hyaluronan and chondroitins, are thought to facilitate streptococcal invasion of the host. However, prophage-encoded hyaluronate lyases are hyaluronan-specific and are thought to be primarily involved in the degradation of the hyaluronan capsule of streptococci during bacteriophage infection. To understand the role of prophage-encoded hyaluronate lyases further, we have biochemically characterized such a hyaluronate lyase, SEQ2045 from S. equi, and have shown that it is produced during equine infection. Prophage-encoded hyaluronan-specific hyaluronate lyases may therefore play a more direct role in disease pathogenesis than previously thought.
Publication Date: 2009-02-10 PubMed ID: 19202092DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.020826-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The article explores how a specific protein produced by Streptococcus equi, a bacterium causing an equine disease known as ‘strangles’, contributes to the invasion and infection process in horses.
Overview of Streptococcus equi and SEQ2045
- The research study focuses on Streptococcus equi, a bacterium that causes ‘strangles’, a disease infection in horses.
- The bacterium creates a protein named SEQ2045, which is a type of hyaluronate lyase. This is an enzyme that breaks down connective tissue components, specifically hyaluronan and chondroitins.
Previous Understanding of Prophage-Encoded Hyaluronate Lyases
- Before this study, it was understood that this family of enzymes was critical to the invasion of the host by the bacterium.
- This was achieved by facilitating the degradation of the connective tissues forming part of the host’s defenses.
- Yet, in the case of prophage-encoded enzymes, such as SEQ2045, they were thought only to target hyaluronan.
- These unique enzymes were believed primarily to degrade the hyaluronan capsule of the bacteria during bacteriophage infection, not aiding in the invasion of the host.
Findings of the Study
- The researchers conducted a biochemical characterization of the protein SEQ2045, determining that it is indeed produced during the infection process within the horse.
- This finding suggests that prophage-encoded hyaluronan-specific hyaluronate lyases like SEQ2045 may have a more direct role in the progression of the disease than previously believed.
Implications and Conclusions
- The data suggest that these prophage-encoded enzymes contribute to the effectiveness of the bacteria, enhancing its ability to invade the host and establish infection.
- This recognition could bring about a revised understanding of the disease mechanisms for streptococcal infections and potentially lead to targeted treatments or preventative strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
Lindsay AM, Zhang M, Mitchell Z, Holden MTG, Waller AS, Sutcliffe IC, Black GW.
(2009).
The Streptococcus equi prophage-encoded protein SEQ2045 is a hyaluronan-specific hyaluronate lyase that is produced during equine infection.
Microbiology (Reading), 155(Pt 2), 443-449.
https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.020826-0 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
- School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
- School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
- School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Hyaluronic Acid / metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polysaccharide-Lyases / chemistry
- Polysaccharide-Lyases / genetics
- Polysaccharide-Lyases / metabolism
- Prophages / enzymology
- Sequence Alignment
- Streptococcal Infections / microbiology
- Streptococcal Infections / veterinary
- Streptococcus Phages / enzymology
- Streptococcus equi / chemistry
- Streptococcus equi / enzymology
- Streptococcus equi / genetics
- Streptococcus equi / virology
- Viral Proteins / chemistry
- Viral Proteins / genetics
- Viral Proteins / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Wakinaka T, Matsutani M, Watanabe J, Mogi Y, Tokuoka M, Ohnishi A. Identification of Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Loci Determining Bacteriophage Susceptibility in Tetragenococcus halophilus. Microbiol Spectr 2023 Jun 15;11(3):e0038523.
- Li P, Ma W, Shen J, Zhou X. Characterization of Novel Bacteriophage vB_KpnP_ZX1 and Its Depolymerases with Therapeutic Potential for K57 Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Pharmaceutics 2022 Sep 10;14(9).
- Latka A, Maciejewska B, Majkowska-Skrobek G, Briers Y, Drulis-Kawa Z. Bacteriophage-encoded virion-associated enzymes to overcome the carbohydrate barriers during the infection process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017 Apr;101(8):3103-3119.
- Drulis-Kawa Z, Majkowska-Skrobek G, Maciejewska B. Bacteriophages and phage-derived proteins--application approaches. Curr Med Chem 2015;22(14):1757-73.
- Singh SK, Bharati AP, Singh N, Pandey P, Joshi P, Singh K, Mitra K, Gayen JR, Sarkar J, Akhtar MS. The prophage-encoded hyaluronate lyase has broad substrate specificity and is regulated by the N-terminal domain. J Biol Chem 2014 Dec 19;289(51):35225-36.
- Djukic M, Brzuszkiewicz E, Fünfhaus A, Voss J, Gollnow K, Poppinga L, Liesegang H, Garcia-Gonzalez E, Genersch E, Daniel R. How to kill the honey bee larva: genomic potential and virulence mechanisms of Paenibacillus larvae. PLoS One 2014;9(3):e90914.
- Tang F, Zhang W, Lu C. Lysogenic Streptococcus suis isolate SS2-4 containing prophage SMP showed increased mortality in zebra fish compared to the wild-type isolate. PLoS One 2013;8(1):e54227.
- Drulis-Kawa Z, Majkowska-Skrobek G, Maciejewska B, Delattre AS, Lavigne R. Learning from bacteriophages - advantages and limitations of phage and phage-encoded protein applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2012 Dec;13(8):699-722.
- Jiang JY, Xue D, Gong JS, Zheng QX, Zhang YS, Su C, Xu ZH, Shi JS. A comprehensive review on microbial hyaluronan-degrading enzymes: from virulence factors to biotechnological tools. Bioresour Bioprocess 2024 Dec 25;11(1):114.
- Nakajima K, Kasuya K, Senba H, Tagami K, Kinoshita Y, Niwa H. Genetic analysis based on next generation sequencing of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi isolated from horses imported into Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2024 Aug 2;86(8):828-832.
- Zhang Y, Lv F, Su Y, Zhang H, Zhang B. Complete genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of three donkey Streptococcus equi subsp. equi isolates. Front Microbiol 2023;14:1285027.
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