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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(8); 973; doi: 10.3390/pathogens10080973

The Structural Biology of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, an Emerging Viral Threat.

Abstract: Alphaviruses are arboviruses that cause arthritis and encephalitis in humans. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that is implicated in severe encephalitis in humans with high mortality. However, limited insights are available into the fundamental biology of EEEV and residue-level details of its interactions with host proteins. In recent years, outbreaks of EEEV have been reported mainly in the United States, raising concerns about public safety. This review article summarizes recent advances in the structural biology of EEEV based mainly on single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) structures. Together with functional analyses of EEEV and related alphaviruses, these structural investigations provide clues to how EEEV interacts with host proteins, which may open avenues for the development of therapeutics.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-31 PubMed ID: 34451437PubMed Central: PMC8400090DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080973Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article delves into the structural biology of the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV), a serious viral threat transmitted by mosquitoes. The article summarizes the latest understandings gained through structural investigations and functional analyses, with the goal of aiding in the development of effective therapeutics.

Overview of Alphaviruses and EEEV

  • The paper begins by introducing alphaviruses, a category of arboviruses, which are essentially viruses that get transmitted by arthropod vectors like mosquitoes or ticks.
  • Specifically, the focus is on the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV), an alphavirus known to cause severe cases of encephalitis in humans, often with lethal outcomes.
  • It suggests that because of the severity of EEEV outbreaks, mainly in the United States, understanding the virus better has assumed significant importance from a public safety perspective.

Limited Understanding of EEEV

  • The researchers point out that insight into the fundamental biology of EEEV and the detailed understanding of its interactions with host proteins at the residue level – the very minute biological interaction – is still limited.
  • This is a gap that needs to be addressed to enhance our ability to combat EEEV more effectively.

Structural Investigations of EEEV

  • The core of the paper discusses recent advances in studying the structural biology of EEEV, primarily using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) structures.
  • CryoEM is a specialized form of electron microscopy that involves rapid freezing of samples to prevent water crystallization, allowing biological specimens to be studied close to their native state. It’s particularly useful for providing details about the structures of biomolecular assemblies and cells.

Functional Analyses and Implications for Treatment

  • Together with the functional analyses of EEEV and related alphaviruses, these structural investigations help to provide clues about how the virus interacts with host proteins.
  • These insights, the authors suggest, have great potential in opening avenues for the development of new therapeutic options to combat EEEV.

Cite This Article

APA
Hasan SS, Dey D, Singh S, Martin M. (2021). The Structural Biology of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, an Emerging Viral Threat. Pathogens, 10(8), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080973

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 8
PII: 973

Researcher Affiliations

Hasan, S Saif
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
  • Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
  • University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22. S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Dey, Debajit
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Singh, Suruchi
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Martin, Matthew
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

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