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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Res Notes / The type of anticoagulant used for plasma collection affects...
BMC research notes2022; 15(1); 50; doi: 10.1186/s13104-022-05933-4

The type of anticoagulant used for plasma collection affects in vitro Rhodococcus equi assays.

Abstract: The efficacy of Rhodococcus equi-specific hyperimmune plasma (HIP) is usually evaluated in vitro. Anticoagulants (AC) used for plasma collection can negatively impact bacterial replication but their effect on R. equi growth has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to establish the effect that AC routinely used in veterinary medicine (ACD, KEDTA, Li Heparin, and Na Citrate) have on in vitro R. equi growth. To assess this, in vitro assays commonly used to test HIP efficacy (direct effect on microorganism and macrophage infection), were performed using each AC and non-treated bacteria. Results: There was no direct effect of ACD, Li Heparin or Na Citrate on R. equi growth. These AC significantly (p < 0.05) delayed growth for 12 h following opsonization. The number of R. equi colonies after macrophage infection was significantly (p < 0.05) lower 72 h post-opsonization with Na Citrate. KEDTA inhibited the formation of R. equi colonies by 12 h in all the assays. In conclusion, AC should be taken into consideration when interpreting in vitro results as their negative effect on bacterial growth may be mistakenly interpreted as HIP efficacy. ACD and Li Heparin appear more appropriate for the selected assays.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2022-02-14 PubMed ID: 35164828PubMed Central: PMC8842809DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05933-4Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how different anticoagulants used in plasma collection may impact the growth of Rhodococcus equi bacteria in laboratory tests.

Outline of the Research

  • The study aimed to determine how anticoagulants (AC), specifically used in veterinary medicine, influence the in vitro growth of Rhodococcus equi. The AC evaluated were ACD, KEDTA, Li Heparin, and Na Citrate.
  • The researchers examined the efficacy of Rhodococcus equi-specific hyperimmune plasma (HIP) using commonly used in vitro assays to test for a direct effect on the microorganism and macrophage infection.
  • The different types of AC were used in the assays alongside non-treated bacteria to understand the effect of these AC on R. equi growth.

Key Findings

  • The study found that ACD, Li Heparin, and Na Citrate did not directly impact R. equi growth. However, these ACs did negatively affect bacterial replication, causing a significant delay in growth for 12 hours following opsonization (the immune system’s process of making pathogens more susceptible to phagocytosis).
  • The number of R. equi colonies after macrophage infection was significantly lower 72 hours after treatment with Na Citrate.
  • KEDTA notably inhibited the formation of R. equi colonies by 12 hours in all the assays conducted.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The study concludes that ACs can impact the interpretation of in vitro results, as these chemicals can delay or inhibit bacterial growth. This effect may lead researchers to mistake these effects as a result of HIP efficacy, thus producing inaccurate results.
  • Out of the ACs tested, ACD and Li Heparin appear to be more suitable for the selected assays used in this study. This selection may help obtain more accurate results when conducting in vitro study of Rhodococcus equi.
  • The findings of the research could have implications for the veterinary medicine field in improving the accuracy and reliability of laboratory tests using plasma.

Cite This Article

APA
Rivolta AA, Pittman DC, Kappes AJ, Stancil RK, Kogan C, Sanz MG. (2022). The type of anticoagulant used for plasma collection affects in vitro Rhodococcus equi assays. BMC Res Notes, 15(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-022-05933-4

Publication

BMC research notes
ISSN: 1756-0500
NlmUniqueID: 101462768
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 50
PII: 50

Researcher Affiliations

Rivolta, Alejandra A
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Pittman, Dana C
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Kappes, Amanda J
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Stancil, Robert K
  • Department of Mathematics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Kogan, Clark
  • Department of Mathematics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Sanz, Macarena G
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. macarena@wsu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Actinomycetales Infections
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Bacterial
  • Anticoagulants / pharmacology
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Rhodococcus equi

Conflict of Interest Statement

Not applicable.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Hansen P, Haubenthal T, Reiter C, Kniewel J, Bosse-Plois K, Niemann HH, von Bargen K, Haas A. Differential Effects of Rhodococcus equi Virulence-Associated Proteins on Macrophages and Artificial Lipid Membranes.. Microbiol Spectr 2023 Feb 14;11(2):e0341722.
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