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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2023; 12(10); 1233; doi: 10.3390/pathogens12101233

The Use of Innovative Diagnostics to Inform Sustainable Control of Equine Helminth Infections.

Abstract: Helminths are commonly found in grazing equids, with cyathostomin nematodes and the cestode being the most prevalent. Most horses harbour low burdens of these parasites and do not develop signs of infection; however, in a small number of animals, high burdens can accumulate and cause disease. Cyathostomins are associated with a syndrome known as larval cyathostominosis. This occurs when large numbers of larvae emerge from the large intestinal wall. This disease has a case fatality rate of up to 50%. infection has been associated with various types of colic, with burdens of >20 worms associated with pathogenicity. Anthelmintic resistance is a serious problem in cyathostomins and is emerging in Control methods that reduce reliance on anthelmintics now need to be applied, especially as no new dewormer compounds are on the horizon. Sustainable control methods must employ diagnostics to identify horses that require treatment. Coprological tests (faecal egg counts, FECs) have been used for several decades to inform treatment decisions to reduce helminth egg shedding. These tests cannot be used to assess host burdens as FECs do not correlate with cyathostomin or burdens. In the last decade, new tests have become available that measure parasite-specific antibodies, the levels of which have been shown to correlate with parasite burden. These tests measure antigen-specific IgG(T) and are available in serum (cyathostomin, ) or saliva () formats. Tests for other helminths have been developed as research tools and need to be translated to support equine clinicians in practice. A key element of sustainable control strategies is that diagnostics must be used in combination with management approaches to reduce environmental transmission of helminths; this will help limit the proportion of horses harbouring parasite burdens that need to be targeted by treatment. This manuscript provides a review of the development, performance and general utility of various diagnostic methods for informing equine helminth management decisions.
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Publication Date: 2023-10-11 PubMed ID: 37887749PubMed Central: PMC10610145DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101233Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the development and use of new diagnostics to identify and control equine helminth infections, focusing on the limitations of current approaches and how innovative methods can help in creating a sustainable management strategy.

Understanding the Helminths Issue

  • Helminths are parasites, including worms like cyathostomin nematodes and cestodes that are often found in grazing equines such as horses.
  • While most horses carry low burdens of these parasites without experiencing symptoms, in some animals, a high parasite load can cause disease, with cyathostomins associated with a severe condition known as larval cyathostominosis.
  • A serious concern in managing these infections is the development of resistance against anthelmintic drugs used to treat them. This calls for the evolution of control methods that lower our dependence on these drugs.

The Role of Diagnostics

  • The research stresses the importance of diagnostics in identifying horses that require treatment, as a part of sustainable control methods.
  • The authors focus on tests that measure parasite-specific antibodies that have shown to correlate with the parasite load, being a promising alternative to faecal egg counts that don’t assess host burdens effectively.
  • These diagnostics, which include antigen-specific IgG(T) tests, are available in both serum and saliva formats, expanding their accessibility and usage.

Combining Diagnostics with Management Approaches

  • A key aspect of the research article is the recommendation for integrating diagnostics with management approaches that focus on reducing the environmental transmission of helminths.
  • Maintaining this combination will help minimize the number of horses carrying substantial parasite loads that would necessitate treatment.

Conclusion of the Article

  • The manuscript presents a review of the evolution, performance, and utility of different diagnostic techniques to guide decisions regarding equine helminth management.
  • The insights shared aim to propel the development of effective diagnostics and promote sustainable practices to maintain equine health and control helminth infections.

Cite This Article

APA
Matthews JB, Peczak N, Lightbody KL. (2023). The Use of Innovative Diagnostics to Inform Sustainable Control of Equine Helminth Infections. Pathogens, 12(10), 1233. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12101233

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 10
PII: 1233

Researcher Affiliations

Matthews, Jacqueline B
  • Austin Davis Biologics Ltd., Northamptonshire NN14 4BL, UK.
Peczak, Natalia
  • Austin Davis Biologics Ltd., Northamptonshire NN14 4BL, UK.
Lightbody, Kirsty L
  • Austin Davis Biologics Ltd., Northamptonshire NN14 4BL, UK.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they are all employees of Austin Davis Biologics Ltd., the company that markets the Small Redworm Blood Test, the Tapeworm Blood Test and the EquiSal Saliva Test.

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