English
French
Larval cyathostomiasis (immature trichonema-induced enteropathy): a report of 15 clinical cases.
Abstract: Clinical and laboratory findings are recorded from a series of 15 cases (aged one to 16 years) of sudden-onset chronic diarrhoea with weight loss, progressing in many cases to emaciation and death, associated with the emergence of fourth stage cyathostome (trichoneme) larvae in large numbers through the colonic and caecal mucosae. Apart from a single incident in mid-October, disease only occurred in winter and spring (January to May). Characteristic features included hypoalbuminaemia, increased alpha and beta plasma globulin levels and neutrophilia without left shift. Faecal egg counts were frequently negative and eosinophilia and anaemia were not features. Horses treated in the early stages responded well to larvicidal doses of fenbendazole (60 mg/kg bodyweight) but in cases where this therapy was delayed for weeks or months the prognosis was poor.
Publication Date: 1985-05-01 PubMed ID: 4076127DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02469.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research investigates a disease in horses, larval cyathostomiasis, marked by chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and potentially death. Triggered by the emergence of specific larvae in the horse’s gut, patterns reveal onset primarily in winter and spring. Treatment is possible in early disease stages, but delays reduce its effectiveness.
Overview of the Research
- The conducted research is an investigation of a disease called larval cyathostomiasis found in horses aged between one to sixteen years.
- The disease is associated with the emergence of fourth stage cyathostome larvae coming through the colonic and caecal mucosae in large numbers.
- Distinct symptoms of this condition include sudden-onset chronic diarrhoea with weight loss, and in severe cases, emaciation and death.
Patterns and Characteristics of Larval Cyathostomiasis
- The disease occurrence is pattern-based with cases primarily found in the winter and spring months except for one case in October.
- The research identifies certain characteristic features of the disease which are hypoalbuminaemia, increased alpha, and beta plasma globulin levels, and neutrophilia without left shift. These are abnormal blood conditions that are indicative of an underlying disease.
- Interestingly, faecal egg counts which can typically identify a parasitic infection, were often negative suggesting that the larvae were not laying eggs or they were not detectable with this method.
- The disease is also identified by the absence of eosinophilia and anaemia which are common symptoms of other illnesses.
Treatment and Prognosis
- Therapeutic measures include the use of the drug fenbendazole in larvicidal doses of 60 mg per kilogram of bodyweight, which was found to be effective in early disease stages.
- However, delayed treatment spanning weeks or months significantly reduced the effectiveness of treatment, leading to a poor prognosis.
- This suggests a need for early detection and prompt treatment of larval cyathostomiasis to prevent severe outcomes.
Cite This Article
APA
Giles CJ, Urquhart KA, Longstaffe JA.
(1985).
Larval cyathostomiasis (immature trichonema-induced enteropathy): a report of 15 clinical cases.
Equine Vet J, 17(3), 196-201.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02469.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / parasitology
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / pathology
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / veterinary
- Larva
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / parasitology
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / pathology
Citations
This article has been cited 22 times.- Matthews JB, Peczak N, Lightbody KL. The Use of Innovative Diagnostics to Inform Sustainable Control of Equine Helminth Infections.. Pathogens 2023 Oct 11;12(10).
- Courtot u00c9, Boisseau M, Dhorne-Pollet S, Serreau D, Gesbert A, Reigner F, Basiaga M, Kuzmina T, Lluch J, Annonay G, Kuchly C, Diekmann I, Kru00fccken J, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Mach N, Sallu00e9 G. Comparison of two molecular barcodes for the study of equine strongylid communities with amplicon sequencing.. PeerJ 2023;11:e15124.
- Boisseau M, Mach N, Basiaga M, Kuzmina T, Laugier C, Sallu00e9 G. Patterns of variation in equine strongyle community structure across age groups and gut compartments.. Parasit Vectors 2023 Feb 11;16(1):64.
- McTigue FE, Mansbridge SC, Pyatt AZ. Equine Anthelmintic Resistance: Horse Owner and Yard Manager Perception of the Barriers Affecting Strategic Control Measures in England.. Vet Sci 2022 Oct 11;9(10).
- Malsa J, Courtot u00c9, Boisseau M, Dumont B, Gombault P, Kuzmina TA, Basiaga M, Lluch J, Annonay G, Dhorne-Pollet S, Mach N, Sutra JF, Wimel L, Dubois C, Guu00e9gnard F, Serreau D, Lespine A, Sallu00e9 G, Fleurance G. Effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on cyathostomin eggs excretion, larval development, larval community structure and efficacy of ivermectin treatment in horses.. Parasitology 2022 Sep;149(11):1439-1449.
- Ju00fcrgenschellert L, Kru00fccken J, Bousquet E, Bartz J, Heyer N, Nielsen MK, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Occurrence of Strongylid Nematode Parasites on Horse Farms in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany, With High Seroprevalence of Strongylus vulgaris Infection.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:892920.
- Sallu00e9 G, Canlet C, Cortet J, Koch C, Malsa J, Reigner F, Riou M, Perrot N, Blanchard A, Mach N. Integrative biology defines novel biomarkers of resistance to strongylid infection in horses.. Sci Rep 2021 Jul 12;11(1):14278.
- Ramalho Sousa S, Anastu00e1cio S, Nu00f3voa M, Paz-Silva A, Madeira de Carvalho LM. Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Miranda Donkeys: Epidemiology and Selective Control of Strongyles Infection in the Northeast of Portugal.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jan 11;11(1).
- Walshe N, Mulcahy G, Hodgkinson J, Peachey L. No Worm Is an Island; The Influence of Commensal Gut Microbiota on Cyathostomin Infections.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Dec 5;10(12).
- Arfuso F, Bazzano M, Brianti E, Gaglio G, Passantino A, Tesei B, Laus F. Nutritional Supplements Containing Cardus mariano, Eucalyptus globulus, Gentiana lutea, Urtica urens, and Mallotus philippinensis Extracts Are Effective in Reducing Egg Shedding in Dairy Jennies (Equus asinus) Naturally Infected by Cyathostomins.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:556270.
- Walshe N, Mulcahy G, Crispie F, Cabrera-Rubio R, Cotter P, Jahns H, Duggan V. Outbreak of acute larval cyathostominosis - A "perfect storm" of inflammation and dysbiosis.. Equine Vet J 2021 Jul;53(4):727-739.
- Forteau L, Dumont B, Sallu00e9 G, Bigot G, Fleurance G. Horses grazing with cattle have reduced strongyle egg count due to the dilution effect and increased reliance on macrocyclic lactones in mixed farms.. Animal 2020 May;14(5):1076-1082.
- Sallu00e9 G, Kornau015b S, Basiaga M. Equine strongyle communities are constrained by horse sex and species dipersal-fecundity trade-off.. Parasit Vectors 2018 May 2;11(1):279.
- Clark A, Sallu00e9 G, Ballan V, Reigner F, Meynadier A, Cortet J, Koch C, Riou M, Blanchard A, Mach N. Strongyle Infection and Gut Microbiota: Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Horses Over a Grazing Season.. Front Physiol 2018;9:272.
- Molena RA, Peachey LE, Di Cesare A, Traversa D, Cantacessi C. Cyathostomine egg reappearance period following ivermectin treatment in a cohort of UK Thoroughbreds.. Parasit Vectors 2018 Jan 25;11(1):61.
- Sallu00e9 G, Cortet J, Bois I, Dubu00e8s C, Guyot-Sionest Q, Larrieu C, Landrin V, Majorel G, Wittreck S, Woringer E, Couroucu00e9 A, Guillot J, Jacquiet P, Guu00e9gnard F, Blanchard A, Leblond A. Risk factor analysis of equine strongyle resistance to anthelmintics.. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2017 Dec;7(3):407-415.
- Matto TN, Bharkad GP, Bhat SA. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of equids from organized farms of Mumbai and Pune.. J Parasit Dis 2015 Jun;39(2):179-85.
- Matthews JB. Anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes.. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2014 Dec;4(3):310-5.
- Lake SL, Matthews JB, Kaplan RM, Hodgkinson JE. Determination of genomic DNA sequences for beta-tubulin isotype 1 from multiple species of cyathostomin and detection of resistance alleles in third-stage larvae from horses with naturally acquired infections.. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S6.
- Corning S. Equine cyathostomins: a review of biology, clinical significance and therapy.. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S1.
- Traversa D, Iorio R, Klei TR, Kharchenko VA, Gawor J, Otranto D, Sparagano OA. New method for simultaneous species-specific identification of equine strongyles (nematoda, strongylida) by reverse line blot hybridization.. J Clin Microbiol 2007 Sep;45(9):2937-42.
- Hodgkinson JE, Freeman KL, Lichtenfels JR, Palfreman S, Love S, Matthews JB. Identification of strongyle eggs from anthelmintic-treated horses using a PCR-ELISA based on intergenic DNA sequences.. Parasitol Res 2005 Mar;95(4):287-92.
Secure Payments
