Three-dimensional tissue culture supports the structure and function of equine synovial explants over 4 days.

This research studies the effectiveness of three-dimensional (3-D) tissue culture in preserving the structure and function of horse synovial tissue samples over a period of four days. The study establishes a standardized method for this and shows potential for a more accurate modeling of joint diseases and their treatments.

Research methods

• The study involved synovial tissue samples (also called explants) from healthy carpal joints of five horses. A total of 24 explants were used from each horse.
• These explants were cultured in 12-well plates using agar rings to stabilize the tissue.
• The explants were analyzed in groups of three or four on day 0, 2, and 4 for various parameters including metabolism, viability, histology, cytokine secretion, and production of hyaluronic acid.

Findings

• According to the study, no significant changes were seen in any tested parameters by day 4.
• The average cell viability was found to be 87.99% and though histological grading showed minimal changes, they were not statistically significant.
• The production of mitochondrial NADH from pyruvate and malate on day 4 remained between 85% to 90% that of day 0, indicating that the metabolic function of the cells was preserved.
• Hyaluronic acid production from day 2 to day 4 was 95.98% that of days 0 to 2, showing that this important component for joint lubrication and health was also largely unchanged.
• Cytokine secretion showed minimal decreases that were not significant, suggesting the inflammation response was largely unaffected.
• Explants showed presence of macrophages by staining diffusely with anti-CD11b and CD14 antibodies. Macrophages are important in the body’s defense mechanism, so their presence indicates that the tissue samples were maintaining a level of immune response.

Significance of the study

• The results of this study point to the feasibility of using 3-D tissue culture in preserving the structure and function of horse synovial tissue samples over a short term of four days.
• This supports the authors’ hypothesis that a 4-day culture period would not disrupt synovial tissue health and function compared to baseline measurements.
• The study effectively presents a standardized method for culturing these explants and underscores the idea that this method could be used for better modeling of joint diseases and their treatments.