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Thromboelastography in healthy, sick non-septic and septic neonatal foals.
Abstract: To evaluate citrated recalcified thromboelastography (TEG) in healthy newborn foals, and to determine intra-assay, inter-individual and intra-individual (at 12 h, 24 h and 7 days after birth) variations. Additionally, to compare TEG variables, haematological values and conventional coagulation profiles from healthy, sick non-septic, and septic foals. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: The study group comprised 18 healthy, 15 sick non-septic and 17 septic foals. Two citrated (3.2%; 1 : 9 anticoagulant : blood ratio) blood samples were submitted for haemostatic evaluation using a TEG analyser and conventional coagulation profile. TEG values (R time (R), K time (K), angle (α), maximum amplitude (MA) and G value (G)), complete blood count (CBC) and conventional coagulation profile (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration (Fib) and antithrombin (AT)) were evaluated. Signalment, presenting complaint, sepsis scores, blood culture results and outcome were taken from the medical records of the sick foals. Results: Mean values ± SD for TEG variables in healthy neonatal foals were: R = 11.82 ± 5.35 min, K = 3.06 ± 1.34 min, α= 51.19 ± 12.66 degrees, MA = 55.06 ± 6.67 mm and G = 6361 ± 1700 dyn/cm(2) . Mean coefficients of variation for intra-assay/inter-individual/intra-individual in healthy foals were: R = 3.5/45.2/43.1%; K = 5.3/58.7/28.7%; α= 1.5/24.7/11.9%; MA = 0.3/12.1/6.1%; G = 1.6/26.7/14.7%. Septic foals had significantly greater α, MA and G values than sick non-septic foals, and significantly greater MA and G than healthy foals, changes that are consistent with hypercoagulability. Weak correlations were detected between TEG variables and haematological or haemostatic values. Conclusions: TEG could be used to provide additional information about the haemostatic system in equine neonates.
© 2011 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2011 Australian Veterinary Association.
Publication Date: 2011-11-23 PubMed ID: 22103950DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00854.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Validation Study
Summary
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The research study evaluates the use of citrated recalcified thromboelastography (TEG), a blood coagulation test, among newborn foals, identifying variations within the test itself, variations among different individuals, and variations within the same individual over time. The study also investigates the differences in TEG variables, blood count, and blood coagulation profile in healthy, non-septic sick, and septic foals. The findings suggest that TEG could potentially offer more information about the blood clotting system in newborn horses.
Research Design
- The study used a prospective design.
- It included a group of 18 healthy, 15 non-septic sick, and 17 septic foals.
- Two blood samples were taken from each foal and submitted for a haemostatic evaluation using a TEG analyser and a conventional coagulation profile.
TEG Analysis and Measurements
- The extracted blood samples were analysed through TEG to measure different variables including the Reaction time (R), Clot formation time (K), Angle of clot formation (α), Maximum amplitude (MA) of clot strength, and G value of clot stiffness.
- Foals’ complete blood count and conventional coagulation profile, including Prothrombin time (PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), Fibrinogen concentration (Fib) and Antithrombin (AT) were also assessed.
- In addition, the medical records of the sick foals were examined to gather data on foals’ signalment, presenting complaints, scores for sepsis, blood culture results and outcomes.
Results and Interpretations
- The results showed average values with standard deviation for TEG variables in healthy newborn foals and documented the coefficients of variation within the TEG assay, between the individual foals and within the same foal at different times.
- The results suggested that septic foals exhibited significantly higher clot formation angle (α), maximum clot strength (MA) and clot stiffness (G) compared to non-septic sick foals, and also displayed greater maximum clot strength (MA) and clot stiffness (G) compared to healthy foals. These changes are typical of a hypercoagulable state, where blood clots overly quickly.
- The data also showed weak correlations between TEG variables and hematological or haemostatic values, implying that while related, they might have different underlying mechanisms.
Conclusion
- This research suggests that using TEG could be fruitful in providing additional information about the haemostatic system, or the blood clotting system, in newborn foals.
Cite This Article
APA
Mendez-Angulo JL, Mudge M, Zaldivar-Lopez S, Vilar-Saavedra P, Couto G.
(2011).
Thromboelastography in healthy, sick non-septic and septic neonatal foals.
Aust Vet J, 89(12), 500-505.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00854.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, 55108, USA. v12meanj@uco.es
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blood Coagulation
- Citrates
- Female
- Hemostasis
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horses / blood
- Male
- Prospective Studies
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sepsis / veterinary
- Thrombelastography / methods
- Thrombelastography / standards
- Thrombelastography / veterinary
- Thromboplastin
Grant Funding
- UL1 RR025755 / NCRR NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Adler M, Ivic S, Bodmer NS, Ten Cate H, Bachmann LM, Wuillemin WA, Nagler M. Thromboelastometry and Thrombelastography Analysis under Normal Physiological Conditions - Systematic Review. Transfus Med Hemother 2017 Apr;44(2):78-83.
- Mersich I, Bishop RC, Diaz Yucupicio S, Nobrega AD, Austin SM, Barger AM, Fick ME, Wilkins PA. Decreased Circulating Red Cell Mass Induced by Intravenous Acepromazine Administration Alters Viscoelastic and Traditional Plasma Coagulation Testing Results in Healthy Horses. Animals (Basel) 2024 Oct 28;14(21).
- Lovett AL, Gilliam LL, Sykes BW, McFarlane D. Thromboelastography in obese horses with insulin dysregulation compared to healthy controls. J Vet Intern Med 2022 May;36(3):1131-1138.
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