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Viruses2021; 13(9); 1775; doi: 10.3390/v13091775

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) Infection in Two Horses.

Abstract: A final diagnosis in a horse with clinical signs of encephalopathy can be challenging despite the use of extensive diagnostics. Clinical signs are often not pathognomonic and need to be interpreted in combination with (specific) laboratory results and epidemiological data of the geographical region of the origin of the case(s). Here we describe the diagnostic pathway of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in two horses using established molecular diagnostic methods and a novel in situ hybridization technique to differentiate between regionally important/emerging diseases for central Europe: (i) hepatoencephalopathy, (ii) Borna disease virus, and (iii) West Nile virus infections.
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Publication Date: 2021-09-06 PubMed ID: 34578356PubMed Central: PMC8472121DOI: 10.3390/v13091775Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research aims to describe how two horse cases, presenting with brain inflammation symptoms, were eventually diagnosed with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) infection. This was achieved using existing diagnostic methods and introducing a new one, in situ hybridization, to differentiate TBEV from other regionally prevalent neurological diseases in Central Europe.

Diagnostic Challenge in Encephalopathy Cases in Horses

  • Healthcare professionals struggle to give a conclusive diagnosis when a horse exhibits symptoms of encephalopathy, the condition typified by altered brain functions or structures.
  • The clinical signs often do not match precisely with any one disease and must be combined with specific lab results and epidemiological data collected from the geographic origin of the case(s).

TBEV Diagnosis in Two Horses

  • The researchers set about diagnosing two horses displaying symptoms of encephalopathy.
  • They employed standard molecular diagnostic techniques and a newly introduced procedure called in situ hybridization, which enables them to locate specific DNA or RNA sequences in tissues using labeled probes.
  • This procedure was instrumental in differentiating Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) infection from other similar diseases common in the central Europe region, such as hepatoencephalopathy, Borna disease virus, and West Nile virus infections.

Noteworthy Outcomes

  • With these methods, both cases were found to be suffering from TBEV infection.
  • The success of this diagnostic pathway underscores the potential of techniques like in situ hybridization in identifying diseases that usually pose a diagnostic challenge, like encephalopathies in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Conze TM, Bagó Z, Revilla-Fernández S, Schlegel J, Goehring LS, Matiasek K. (2021). Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) Infection in Two Horses. Viruses, 13(9), 1775. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091775

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 9
PII: 1775

Researcher Affiliations

Conze, Theresa Maria
  • Equine Medicine and Reproduction, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Bagó, Zoltán
  • Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety GmbH (AGES), IVET, 2340 Mödling, Austria.
Revilla-Fernández, Sandra
  • Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety GmbH (AGES), IVET, 2340 Mödling, Austria.
Schlegel, Jürgen
  • Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Trogerstraße 18, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Goehring, Lutz S
  • Equine Medicine and Reproduction, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Matiasek, Kaspar
  • Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Austria
  • Brain / pathology
  • Brain / virology
  • Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / genetics
  • Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / diagnosis
  • Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / epidemiology
  • Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / pathology
  • Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / virology
  • Germany
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • In Situ Hybridization
  • Ixodes / virology
  • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
  • West Nile Fever / virology
  • West Nile virus / genetics

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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