Time-related changes in equine neutrophils after experimental endotoxemia: myeloperoxidase staining, size, and numbers.
Abstract: Neutrophil myeloperoxidase content is determined by the Advia 2120 hematology system by staining characteristics. Changes in myeloperoxidase staining are shown by location of neutrophils on Advia peroxidase dot plots and as myeloperoxidase index (MPXI). Significant changes in MPXI have been reported during severe inflammation in horses, dogs, and people but conclusions were inconsistent. Objective: Infusion of endotoxin was used to initiate an inflammatory stimulus under controlled conditions and over a longer time period than in previous studies to document kinetics of changes in neutrophil numbers, morphology, and myeloperoxidase staining. Identification of consistent time-related changes may allow better interpretation of changes in neutrophil characteristics during inflammation. Methods: Five Standardbred trotting horses received an intravenous infusion over a 6-hour period with Escherichia coli endotoxin. Neutrophil count, MPXI, neutrophil characteristics in Advia 2120 Perox dot plots and neutrophil morphology in blood smears were monitored with repeated sampling for up to 10 days. Results: Endotoxin infusion immediately caused severe neutropenia which converted to neutrophilia 14 hours after start of endotoxin infusion. Neutrophilia was still present 78 hours after start of infusion. Large "giant" neutrophils first appeared in blood smears and Advia Perox dot plots after 36-48 hours. A marked and consistent decrease in MPXI was seen in all horses 6 days (150 hours) after endotoxin exposure. Conclusions: Endotoxemia caused prominent, time-related changes in equine neutrophil characteristics including emergence of giant neutrophils and markedly decreased MPXI several days after endotoxin infusion.
© 2016 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.
Publication Date: 2016-02-26 PubMed ID: 26918552DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12334Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study explores the changes in equine (horse) neutrophils following endotoxemia, an inflammation caused by endotoxins, specifically looking at myeloperoxidase staining, size, and numbers. The findings show a prominent, time-related shift in neutrophil characteristics after the infusion of endotoxins.
Methodology
- The study was carried out on five Standardbred trotting horses which received an intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin over a period of six hours.
- Repeated sampling was carried out for up to 10 days to monitor the neutrophil count, myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), neutrophil characteristics in Advia 2120 Perox dot plots, and neutrophil morphology in blood smears.
Results
- The infusion of endotoxin immediately resulted in severe neutropenia (a decrease in neutrophils). This later turned into neutrophilia (an increase of neutrophils) 14 hours after the start of the endotoxin infusion.
- This neutrophilia was still detectable 78 hours after the start of the infusion. Large “giant” neutrophils appeared in blood smears and Advia Perox dot plots from around 36-48 hours onwards.
- A significant and consistent decrease in MPXI was observed in all horses 6 days (150 hours) after endotoxin exposure.
Conclusions
- Endotoxemia resulted in distinct changes in the characteristics of equine neutrophils over time.
- Changes included the emergence of giant neutrophils and a strongly decreased MPXI several days after infusion of the endotoxin.
- The consistent time-related changes in these characteristics following endotoxemia enable the potential for better interpretation during inflammation.
Having a greater understanding of these changes in equine neutrophils following inflammation could improve veterinary diagnostic and treatment strategies for horses suffering from diseases that involve severe inflammation.
Cite This Article
APA
Lilliehöök I, Tvedten HW, Bröjer J, Edner A, Nostell K.
(2016).
Time-related changes in equine neutrophils after experimental endotoxemia: myeloperoxidase staining, size, and numbers.
Vet Clin Pathol, 45(1), 66-72.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.12334 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Endotoxemia / blood
- Endotoxemia / enzymology
- Endotoxemia / pathology
- Endotoxins / adverse effects
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / enzymology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Inflammation / veterinary
- Neutropenia / blood
- Neutrophils / classification
- Neutrophils / pathology
- Peroxidase / blood
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Leal PDS, Veeren IBL, Fonseca S, Machado CH, Lopes CWG. The importance of morphological changes in neutrophils in the diagnosis of bacterial infections in dogs with confirmed urinary tract infections in a Veterinary Care Service, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Vet Med 2023;45:e004022.
- Taylor SD, Serpa PBS, Santos AP, Hart KA, Vaughn SA, Moore GE, Mukhopadhyay A, Page AE. Effects of intravenous administration of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells after infusion of lipopolysaccharide in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Jul;36(4):1491-1501.
- Hedberg-Alm Y, Tydén E, Tamminen LM, Lindström L, Anlén K, Svensson M, Riihimäki M. Clinical features and treatment response to differentiate idiopathic peritonitis from non-strangulating intestinal infarction of the pelvic flexure associated with Strongylus vulgaris infection in the horse. BMC Vet Res 2022 Apr 23;18(1):149.
- Anderson MJ, Ibrahim AS, Cooper BR, Woolcock AD, Moore GE, Taylor SD. Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low-dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Nov;34(6):2710-2718.
- Fingerhut L, Dolz G, de Buhr N. What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes?. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Jun 25;21(12).
- Celliers A, Rautenbach Y, Hooijberg E, Christopher M, Goddard A. Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase Index in Dogs With Babesiosis Caused by Babesia rossi. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:72.
- Sheats MK. A Comparative Review of Equine SIRS, Sepsis, and Neutrophils. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:69.
- Villalba-Orero M, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Cerón JJ, Fuentes-Romero B, Valero-González M, Martín-Cuervo M. Association between Eosinophil Count and Cortisol Concentrations in Equids Admitted in the Emergency Unit with Abdominal Pain. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jan 4;14(1).
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