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Veterinary dermatology2020; 31(6); 471-e126; doi: 10.1111/vde.12900

Topical treatment of equine sarcoids with imiquimod 5% cream or Sanguinaria canadensis and zinc chloride – an open prospective study.

Abstract: Equine sarcoids are the most prevalent skin neoplasm in horses worldwide. Although several treatments are available, none are consistently effective and recurrence is common. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% cream and Sanguinaria canadensis + zinc chloride for treatment of equine sarcoids and investigate possible systemic effects on distant untreated sarcoids. Unassigned: Twenty-five client-owned horses with a total of 164 tumours were included in the study. Fifty-seven tumours were treated and 107 tumours were left untreated. Methods: Skin biopsy samples were collected from a minimum of one tumour per horse and the rest were diagnosed based on clinical appearance as likely sarcoids. Imiquimod 5% (A) was applied three times weekly, while Sanguinaria canadensis + zinc chloride (X) was applied every fourth day after a six day daily initiation phase. Treatment continued until clinical remission or for a maximum of 45 weeks, with a long follow-up period (mean 34 months). Skin biopsy samples of sarcoid lesions were re-taken before treatment termination and at follow-up if the owner gave consent. Results: Complete remission was recorded in 84.4% (A) and 75.0% (X) of the tumours. Relapse was recorded in 7.3% (A) and 21.4% (X). Spontaneous remission was observed in 1.9% of untreated tumours. No systemic effect on untreated tumours was detected. During treatment varying degrees of local inflammatory reaction were common. Conclusions: Both treatments were considered effective and safe. Smaller tumours responded more favourably to treatment. Relapse rate was low and not observed in sarcoids with repeat biopsies before treatment termination. Background: Les sarcoïdes équins sont la tumeur cutanée la plus prévalente chez le cheval dans le monde entier. Bien que plusieurs traitements soient disponibles, aucun n’est totalement efficace et les récidives sont fréquentes. Objective: Déterminer l’efficacité et l’innocuité de la crème imiquimod 5% et Sanguinaria canadensis + chloride de zinc dans le traitement de sarcoïdes équins et étudier les effets systémiques potentiels sur les sarcoïdes distants non traités. Unassigned: Vingt-cinq chevaux de propriétaires avec un total de 164 tumeurs ont été inclus dans l’étude. Cinquante-sept tumeurs ont été traitées et 107 non traitées. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Des biopsies ont été prélevées, au moins une par cheval, les autres étaient diagnostiquées comme probablement des sarcoïdes à partir de l’aspect clinique. L’imiquimod 5% (A) a été appliquée trois fois par semaine, tandis que Sanguinaria canadensis + chloride de zinc (X) a été appliqué tous les quatre jours après une phase d’initiation d’une fois par jour pendant six jours. Le traitement a été poursuivi jusqu’à rémission clinique ou pendant 45 semaines maximum, avec une période de suivi longue (34 mois en moyenne). Des biopsies des sarcoïdes ont été renouvelées après la fin du traitement et en suivi si le propriétaire donnait son consentement. RÉSULTATS: Une rémission complète a été enregistrée dans 84.4% (A) et 75.0% (X) des tumeurs. Une récidive a été observée dans 7.3% (A) et 21.4% (X). Une rémission spontanée a été observée dans 1,9% des tumeurs non traitées. Aucun effet systémique indésirable sur les tumeurs non traitées n’a été détecté. Au cours du traitement des degrés variables d’inflammation locale étaient fréquents. Unassigned: Les deux traitements sont considérés comme surs et efficaces. Les plus petites tumeurs répondaient plus favorablement au traitement. Le taux de récidive était faible et non observée au sein des biopsies répétées après la fin du traitement. INTRODUCCIÓN: los sarcoides equinos son la neoplasia cutánea más prevalente en caballos en todo el mundo. Aunque hay varios tratamientos disponibles, ninguno es eficaz de manera constante y la recidiva es frecuente. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la crema tópica de imiquimod al 5% y Sanguinaria canadensis + cloruro de zinc para el tratamiento de sarcoides equinos e investigar los posibles efectos sistémicos en sarcoides distantes no tratados. ANIMALES/TUMORES: se incluyeron en el estudio veinticinco caballos de propietarios privados con un total de 164 tumores. Se trataron cincuenta y siete tumores y se dejaron sin tratar 107 tumores. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: se tomaron biopsias de un mínimo de un tumor por caballo y el resto se diagnosticó basándose en la apariencia clínica como sarcoides probables. Se aplicó imiquimod al 5% (A) tres veces por semana, mientras que Sanguinaria canadensis + cloruro de zinc (X) se aplicó cada cuatro días después de una fase de inicio diaria de seis días. El tratamiento continuó hasta la remisión clínica o durante un máximo de 45 semanas, con un largo período de seguimiento (media de 34 meses). Se volvieron a tomar biopsias de sarcoides antes de finalizar el tratamiento y en el seguimiento si el propietario dio su consentimiento. RESULTADOS: se registró remisión completa en el 84,4% (A) y el 75,0% (X) de los tumores. Se registró recaída en el 7,3% (A) y el 21,4% (X). Se observó remisión espontánea en el 1,9% de los tumores no tratados. No se detectó ningún efecto sistémico sobre los tumores no tratados. Durante el tratamiento fueron frecuentes diversos grados de reacción inflamatoria local. CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: Ambos tratamientos se consideraron efectivos y seguros. Los tumores más pequeños respondieron más favorablemente al tratamiento. La tasa de recidiva fue baja y no se observó en biopsias repetidas de sarcoides antes de finalizar el tratamiento. Unassigned: Equine Sarkoide sind weltweit die häufigsten Hautneoplasien bei Pferden. Obwohl einige Behandlungsformen existieren, ist keine davon gleichbleibend effektiv und ein Wiederauftreten kommt häufig vor. Unassigned: Eine Evaluierung der Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von topisch angewendeter Imiquimod 5% Creme und Sanguinaria canadensis + Zinkchlorid zur Behandlung von equinen Sarkoiden und eine Untersuchung möglicher systemischer Wirkungen auf entfernter gelegene unbehandelte Sarkoide. Unassigned: Fünfundzwanzig Pferde in Privatbesitz mit einer Gesamtzahl von 164 Tumoren wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Fünfundsiebzig Tumore wurden behandelt und 107 Tumore blieben unbehandelt. Unassigned: Es wurden Biopsien von mindestens einem Tumor pro Pferd genommen und der Rest wurde anhand des klinischen Erscheinungsbildes als wahrscheinliche Sarkoide diagnostiziert. Es wurde Imiquimod 5% (A) dreimal wöchentlich aufgetragen, während Sanguinaria canadensis + Zinkchlorid (X) jeden vierten Tag nach einer sechstägigen täglich aufgetragenen Eingangsphase, angewendet wurde. Die Behandlung wurde bis zur klinischen Remission oder für ein Maximum von 45 Wochen weitergeführt, mit einer langen Follow-Up Periode (durchschnittlich 34 Monate). Es wurden erneut Biopsien von Sarkoiden vor Ende der Therapie genommen und beim Follow-Up wenn der Besitzer dazu sein Einverständnis gab. Unassigned: Es wurde bei 84,4% (A) und 75,0% (X) eine völlige Remission der Tumore festgehalten. Ein Wiederauftreten wurde bei 7,3% (A) und bei 21,4% (X) festgestellt. Es wurde bei 1,9% der unbehandelten Tumore eine spontane Remission beobachtet. Es wurde keine systemische Wirkung auf unbehandelte Tumore gesehen. Während der Behandlung traten häufig lokale entzündliche Reaktionen in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß auf. Unassigned: Beide Behandlungen wurden als wirksam und sicher betrachtet. Kleinere Tumore reagierten besser auf die Behandlung. Die Rückfallsrate war niedrig und konnte bei den erneuten Biopsien der Sarkoide vor Ende der Behandlung nicht beobachtet werden. 背景: ウマサルコイドは世界中で最も一般的な馬の皮膚腫瘍である。いくつかの治療法が利用可能であるが、どれも一貫して効果的ではなく、再発が一般的である。 目的: ウマサルコイド治療に対する外用イミキモド5%クリームおよびSanguinaria canadensis +塩化亜鉛の有効性および安全性を評価し、未治療のサルコイドに対する全身への影響の可能性を調査する。 被験動物/腫瘍: 合計164個の腫瘍を持つ25頭の顧客所有馬を研究に包含した。 57個の腫瘍が治療され、107個の腫瘍が未治療のまま残された。 材料と方法: 生検はウマあたり最低1つの腫瘍から採取され、残りは臨床的外観に基づいてサルコイドと診断された。イミキモド5%(A)を毎週3回塗布し、Sanguinaria canadensis +塩化亜鉛(X)を開始期6日間毎日塗布の後、4日ごとに塗布した。治療は、臨床的寛解まで、または最長45週間継続され、長期追跡期間を設けた(平均34か月)。サルコイドの生検は、治療終了前および飼い主が同意した場合のフォローアップ時に再度行われた。 結果: 完全寛解は、腫瘍の84.4%(A)および75.0%(X)で記録された。再発は7.3%(A)と21.4%(X)で記録された。未治療の腫瘍の1.9%で自然寛解が観察された。未治療の腫瘍に対する全身的影響は検出されなかった。治療中、さまざまな程度の局所炎症反応が一般的であった。 結論と臨床的関連性: どちらの治療も効果的で安全であると見なされた。腫瘍が小さいほど、治療に対する反応は良好であった。再発率は低く、治療終了前のサルコイドの繰り返し生検では観察されなかった。. 背景: 马肉样瘤病是全球马中最常见的皮肤肿瘤。尽管有几种治疗方法可用,但均无法持续有效,复发很常见。 目的: 评价外用5%咪喹莫特乳膏和加拿大血根草+氯化锌治疗马肉样瘤病的疗效和安全性,并研究对远端未治疗的肉样瘤病可能带来的全身效应。 动物/肿瘤: 本研究纳入了25匹私家马,总计患有164处肿瘤。57处肿瘤接受了治疗,107处肿瘤未接受治疗。 方法和材料: 对每匹马至少活检一个肿瘤,其余根据临床表现诊断可能为肉样瘤病。5%咪喹莫特(A)每周应用3次,而加拿大血根草+氯化锌(X)在开始阶段,连续6天每日1次,随后每4天应用1次。治疗持续至临床缓解或最长45周,长期随访(平均34个月)。如果犬主人同意,则在治疗终止前和随访时重新活检采集肉样瘤病样本。 结果: 84.4%(A)和75.0%(X)的肿瘤记录为完全缓解。记录的复发率为7.3%(A)和21.4%(X)。在1.9%未治疗的肿瘤中观察到自愈。未检测到对未治疗肿瘤的全身效应。治疗期间常见不同程度的局部炎症反应。 结论和临床相关性: 认为两种治疗均有效且安全。较小的肿瘤对治疗的反应更好。治疗终止前重复活检的肉样瘤病,复发率低或未见复发。. Unassigned: Sarcoides equinos são as neoplasias cutâneas mais prevalentes em cavalos em todo o mundo. Embora vários tratamentos estejam disponíveis, nenhum é consistentemente eficaz e a recorrência é comum. Objective: Avaliar a eficácia e segurança do creme tópico de imiquimod 5% e Sanguinaria canadensis + cloreto de zinco para o tratamento de sarcoides equinos e investigar possíveis efeitos sistêmicos em sarcoides distantes não tratados. Unassigned: Vinte e cinco cavalos de clientes com um total de 164 tumores foram incluídos no estudo. Cinquenta e sete tumores foram tratados e 107 tumores foram deixados sem tratamento. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: As biópsias foram retiradas de no mínimo um tumor por cavalo e o restante foi diagnosticado com base na aparência clínica compatível com ​​sarcoide. Imiquimod 5% (A) foi aplicado três vezes por semana, enquanto Sanguinaria canadensis + cloreto de zinco (X) foi aplicado a cada quatro dias após uma fase de iniciação de seis dias com uso diário. O tratamento continuou até a remissão clínica ou por um máximo de 45 semanas, com um longo período de acompanhamento (média de 34 meses). As biópsias dos sarcoides foram refeitas antes do término do tratamento e no acompanhamento, se o proprietário desse consentimento. Results: Remissão completa foi registrada em 84,4% (A) e 75,0% (X) dos tumores. Recidiva foi registrada em 7,3% (A) e 21,4% (X). Remissão espontânea foi observada em 1,9% dos tumores não tratados. Nenhum efeito sistêmico em tumores não tratados foi detectado. Durante o tratamento, vários graus de reação inflamatória local foram comuns. CONCLUSÕES E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Ambos os tratamentos foram considerados eficazes e seguros. Tumores menores responderam mais favoravelmente ao tratamento. A taxa de recidiva foi baixa e não observada em biópsias repetidas de sarcoides antes do término do tratamento.
Publication Date: 2020-10-05 PubMed ID: 33016520DOI: 10.1111/vde.12900Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Cite This Article

APA
Pettersson CM, Broström H, Humblot P, Bergvall KE. (2020). Topical treatment of equine sarcoids with imiquimod 5% cream or Sanguinaria canadensis and zinc chloride – an open prospective study. Vet Dermatol, 31(6), 471-e126. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12900

Publication

ISSN: 1365-3164
NlmUniqueID: 9426187
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 31
Issue: 6
Pages: 471-e126

Researcher Affiliations

Pettersson, Carina M
  • District and Official Veterinarian, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Rådmansgatan 55, Kristinehamn, 681 34, Sweden.
Broström, Hans
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agriculture, Box 7054, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
Humblot, Patrice
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agriculture, Box 7054, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
Bergvall, Kerstin E
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agriculture, Box 7054, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Chlorides
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horses
  • Imiquimod / therapeutic use
  • Prospective Studies
  • Sanguinaria
  • Skin Neoplasms / veterinary
  • Zinc Compounds

Grant Funding

  • N-Vet, Uppsala, Sweden

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Brandt S. Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids-From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023 Mar 30;11(4).
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  3. Smith CH, Stewart HL, Stefanovski D, Levine DG. Outcomes following autologous tumor tissue implantation with or without concurrent antineoplastic therapies in the treatment of sarcoids in 50 equids. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1559519.
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