Total intravenous anaesthesia in the horse with propofol.
Abstract: The use of propofol, solubilised in a non-ionic emulsifying agent, for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in experimental ponies was assessed. Pilot studies revealed that premedication with xylazine (0.5 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt]) intravenously (iv) followed by propofol (2.0 mg/kg bwt) iv provided a satisfactory smooth induction. Two infusion rates (0.15 mg/kg bwt/min and 0.2 mg/kg bwt/min) were compared for maintenance of anaesthesia. An infusion rate of 0.2 mg/kg/min produced adequate anaesthesia in these ponies. Cardiovascular changes included a decrease in arterial pressure and cardiac output during maintenance. Respiratory depression was manifested by a decrease in rate and an increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension. Recovery after 1 h anaesthesia was rapid and smooth. In conclusion, induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol in premedicated ponies proved a satisfactory technique.
Publication Date: 1985-09-01 PubMed ID: 3876928DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02533.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of propofol, a drug used as an anesthetic, in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in horses. The research concluded that, when combined with xylazine as a premedication, propofol provides satisfactory and smooth anesthesia induction, maintenance, and recovery in horses.
Methodology
- The experiment involved the administration of propofol, a drug typically used to initiate and sustain anesthesia, to test ponies.
- The propofol was solubilised in a non-ionic emulsifying agent to make it suitable for intravenously injection.
- Prior to administering propofol, the horses were premedicated with xylazine, a sedative, analgesic and muscle relaxant, at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight. The purpose of this premedication was to prepare the horse for the induction of anesthesia.
- Two separate propofol infusion rates (0.15 mg/kg/min and 0.2 mg/kg/min) were compared to determine the most effective dose for maintaining anesthesia.
Findings
- The results showed that an infusion rate of 0.2 mg/kg per minute of propofol was sufficient to induce and maintain an adequate level of anesthesia in the ponies.
- Observations during the procedure revealed some cardiovascular changes in the horses, including a drop in arterial pressure and cardiac output.
- In addition to the cardiovascular changes, a decrease in respiratory rate and an increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension, indicating respiratory depression, were noted. Despite these side effects, the overall health of the test subjects remained stable.
- A rapid and smooth recovery was observed in the horses post anesthesia lasting for about one hour.
Conclusion
- The study concluded that the administration of propofol, preceded by xylazine as a premedication, provided a satisfactory induction and maintenance of anesthesia in ponies.
- It proposes that the use of propofol may prove effective in other horse anesthesia applications due to its efficacy and minimal side effects.
Cite This Article
APA
Nolan AM, Hall LW.
(1985).
Total intravenous anaesthesia in the horse with propofol.
Equine Vet J, 17(5), 394-398.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02533.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, Intravenous / veterinary
- Animals
- Hemodynamics / drug effects
- Horses
- Phenols / pharmacology
- Pilot Projects
- Propofol
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
- Aoki M, Wakuno A, Kushiro A, Mae N, Kakizaki M, Nagata SI, Ohta M. Evaluation of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol-guaifenesin-medetomidine and alfaxalone-guaifenesin-medetomidine in Thoroughbred horses undergoing castration. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Dec 22;79(12):2011-2018.
- Ishizuka T, Tamura J, Nagaro T, Sudo K, Itami T, Umar MA, Miyoshi K, Sano T, Yamashita K. Effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation on cardiopulmonary function in horses anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using combination of medetomidine, lidocaine, butorphanol and propofol (MLBP-TIVA). J Vet Med Sci 2014 Dec;76(12):1577-82.
- Umar MA, Fukui S, Kawase K, Itami T, Yamashita K. Cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia using ketamine-medetomidine-propofol (KMP-TIVA) in horses undergoing surgery. J Vet Med Sci 2015 Mar;77(3):281-8.
- Otsuka T, Araki M, Mita H, Kambayashi Y, Yoshihara E, Ohta M. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol-ketamine-xylazine with or without remifentanil in thoroughbred horses undergoing castration. J Equine Sci 2024 Oct;35(3):35-41.
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