Transferability of cephalothin to the alveolar cavity in thoroughbreds.
Abstract: Five Thoroughbreds were classified into 4 groups according to the administration method used for saline solution (saline), ambroxol, and cephalothin sodium (cephalothin). In group A, cephalothin was injected intravenously after oral administration of ambroxol. In group B, cephalothin was injected intravenously after oral administration of saline. Groups C and D were used as control groups. The dose of cephalothin or ambroxol was clinically administrated. Venous blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were sampled from each group. In groups A and B, cephalothin concentrations in plasma reached their maximum level 5 min after cephalothin administration and then declined over time. In plasma obtained from groups A and B, there were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (T1/2, Kel, Vd). By contrast, cephalothin concentrations in BALF reached their peak at 180 min after cephalothin administration in both groups A and B and maintained a relatively high level even after 300 min. These findings indicate that cephalothin requires a relatively long period of time to move from the blood stream to the alveolar cavity, but once transferred to the alveolar cavity, it is preserved for a long time. In groups A and B, cephalothin concentrations in BALF were approximately at the same level. However, in group A, total protein in BALF was lower at 60, 180, and 300 min than the other groups. Then, cephalothin concentration was adjusted to total protein in BALF. After adjustment to total protein in BALF, group A showed a concentration level of cephalothin approximately 1.5-fold higher than that of group B. This suggests that the transferability of cephalothin to the alveolar cavity improves as a result of the oral administration of ambroxol.
Publication Date: 1999-05-20 PubMed ID: 10331190DOI: 10.1292/jvms.61.209Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study examines the transfer of the antibiotic cephalothin to the alveolar cavity of horses, and how the oral administration of the medication ambroxol may improve this transfer.
Overview of the Experiment
- The researchers divided five Thoroughbred horses into four groups, and each group received a different treatment involving saline solution, ambroxol, and cephalothin sodium.
- Groups A and B were given cephalothin intravenously after an oral administration of either ambroxol (group A) or saline (group B).
- The other two groups (C and D) served as controls.
Results and Analysis of Cephalothin Administration
- The study found that in groups A and B, the cephalothin concentrations in the plasma reached their peak 5 minutes after administration and then decreased over time.
- No significant differences were noted in the pharmacokinetic parameters—including the half-life of the drug, rate of elimination and volume of distribution—between the two groups.
Analysis of Cephalothin Transfer into Alveolar Cavity
- Conversely, the concentrations of cephalothin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) peaked 180 minutes after administration, and maintained a high level even after 300 minutes.
- This reflects that the transfer of cephalothin from the bloodstream into the alveolar cavity requires time, but once successfully transferred, the cephalothin remains in the alveolar cavity for a long duration.
Ambroxol’s Impact on Cephalothin Transfer
- Even though the concentration of cephalothin in the BALF was approximately the same for both groups A and B, group A’s total protein in the BALF was lower.
- Additionally, when the researchers adjusted for this factor, they found that in group A the concentration of cephalothin was about 1.5-fold higher than that of group B.
- Thus, the study concluded that the oral administration of ambroxol appears to enhance the transferability of cephalothin into the alveolar cavity.
Cite This Article
APA
Matsuda Y, Hobo S, Naito H.
(1999).
Transferability of cephalothin to the alveolar cavity in thoroughbreds.
J Vet Med Sci, 61(3), 209-212.
https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.61.209 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Racehorse Clinic, Japan Racing Association Ritto Training Center, Shiga, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Ambroxol / pharmacology
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
- Cephalosporins / pharmacokinetics
- Cephalothin / pharmacokinetics
- Drug Interactions
- Female
- Horses / metabolism
- Male
- Pulmonary Alveoli / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Kuroda T, Minamijima Y, Niwa H, Mita H, Tamura N, Fukuda K, Kuwano A, Sato F. Concentration of cephalothin in body fluids and tissue samples of Thoroughbred horses.. J Equine Sci 2022 Sep;33(3):51-54.
- Kuroda T, Minamijima Y, Niwa H, Tamura N, Mita H, Fukuda K, Kaimachi M, Suzuki Y, Enoki Y, Taguchi K, Matsumoto K, Toutain PL, Bousquet-Melou A, Kasashima Y. Rational dosage regimens for cephalothin and cefazolin using pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics analysis in healthy horses.. Equine Vet J 2021 Nov;53(6):1239-1249.
- Deretic V, Timmins GS. Enhancement of lung levels of antibiotics by ambroxol and bromhexine.. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019 Mar;15(3):213-218.
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