Transrectal color Doppler sonography of the A. uterina in cyclic mares.
Abstract: Color Doppler ultrasound was used transrectally in 6 mares to locate both the left and right Aa. uterinae and to obtain flow velocity waveforms at defined times (Days 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20) during 4 estrous cycles. Blood flow reflected by the resistance index (RI) was determined for both arteries on 120 occasions. As there was no significant difference and a high correlation in the RI values between the left and right arteries (paired Student's t-test, correlation coefficient r > 0.94; P < 0.05), the average RI value was used for subsequent analyses. There were correlations between RI values, mares and day of estrous cycle (P < 0.0001). The mean RI was higher (P < 0.05) in the 2 multiparous mares (age, 12 to 13 yr) than in the 4 younger maiden mares (age, 6 to 10 yr). During the estrous cycle mean RI values on Day 0 (day of ovulation) and Day 10 were higher (P 0.05) could be measured. The results suggest that transrectal Color Doppler sonography is a noninvasive method for examining differences in impedance to uterine blood flow between different mares and cycle periods.
Publication Date: 2000-03-25 PubMed ID: 10732012DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(98)00094-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research used transrectal Color Doppler sonography, a noninvasive method, to examine differences in uterine blood flow in mares during various stages of the estrous cycle. The researchers discovered that the resistance index (RI), a measure of blood flow in the uterine arteries, varied across different mares and cycle periods, suggesting that this tool might be useful in monitoring and studying reproductive health in mares.
Study Methodology
- The study involved six mares, their uterine arteries (the left and right Aa. uterinae) were located using color Doppler ultrasound through a transrectal procedure.
- Flow velocity waveforms, essentially pulse-timing intervals that form the basis of RI determination, were captured at defined intervals – Day 0,5,10,15, and 20 – over four estrous cycles, providing 120 instances of data collection.
- As the RI values for both left and right arteries were highly correlated and showed no significant difference, the average of these values were used for further analysis.
Key Findings
- Notification of correlations between the RI values, the mares themselves, and the specific day of the estrous cycle were an outcome of the study, citing a high degree of variance at P < 0.0001, a statistically significant level.
- The mean RI was found to be higher in the two multiparous mares, aged between 12 and 13 years, compared to the four maiden (unbred) mares aged between 6 to 10 years. This suggests that age and reproductive history might influence uterine blood flow.
- The RI values varied during different days of the estrous cycle. They were higher on the day of ovulation (Day 0) and Day 10 compared to Days 5, 15 and 20, though no significant differences were recorded within individual cycles for the same mare.
Implications and Significance
- The researchers were able to demonstrate the potential utility of transrectal Color Doppler sonography as a noninvasive tool not only in determining the impedance, or resistance, to blood flow in the uterine arteries of mares, but for highlighting the variations across different mares and cycles.
- These findings can be of use in evidencing reproductive health disparities in mares, likely guiding future research or veterinary practices towards improved monitoring or intervention strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
Bollwein H, Maierl J, Mayer R, Stolla R.
(2000).
Transrectal color Doppler sonography of the A. uterina in cyclic mares.
Theriogenology, 49(8), 1483-1488.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(98)00094-6 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Gynäkologische und Ambulatorische Tierklinik, LMU München, Germany.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arteries / diagnostic imaging
- Arteries / physiology
- Blood Flow Velocity / veterinary
- Estrus / physiology
- Female
- Horses / anatomy & histology
- Horses / physiology
- Regional Blood Flow / physiology
- Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / veterinary
- Uterus / blood supply
- Uterus / diagnostic imaging
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Martinez RE, Leatherwood JL, Bradbery AN, Paris BL, Hammer CJ, Kelley D, Bazer FW, Wu G. Evaluation of dietary arginine supplementation to increase placental nutrient transporters in aged mares. Transl Anim Sci 2023 Jan;7(1):txad058.
- Sharawy HA, Hegab AO, Risha EF, El-Adl M, Soliman WT, Gohar MA, Fahmy RA, Farag VM, Imakawa K, Bazer FW, James D, Zaghloul A, Abdalla AA, Rabie MM, Elmetwally MA. The vaginal and uterine blood flow changes during the ovsynch program and its impact on the pregnancy rates in Holstein dairy cows. BMC Vet Res 2022 Sep 17;18(1):350.
- Ortega-Ferrusola C, Gómez-Arrones V, Martín-Cano FE, Gil MC, Peña FJ, Gaitskell-Phillips G, Da Silva-Álvarez E. Advances in the ultrasound diagnosis in equine reproductive medicine: New approaches. Reprod Domest Anim 2022 Oct;57 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):34-44.
- Sales FABM, Azevedo MV, Souza NM, Ferreira-Silva JC, Chaves MS, Junior VR, Rocha JM, Dos Santos Filho JP, Freitas VJF, Oliveira MAL. Correlations of corpus luteum blood flow with fertility and progesterone in embryo recipient mares. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021 Apr 22;53(2):280.
- Ratto MH, Urra F, Silva M. Laterality of Ovulation and Presence of the Embryo Do Not Affect Uterine Horn Blood Flow During the First Month of Gestation in Llamas. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:598117.
- Alonso MA, Silva LA, Affonso FJ, Lemes KM, Celeghini ECC, Lançoni R, Carvalho HF, de Arruda RP. Effect of hCG application at different moments of the estrous cycle on corpus luteum and uterine vascularization and serum progesterone concentration in mares. Anim Reprod 2019 Oct 24;16(2):317-327.
- Camacho CA, Estradé MJ, Cazales N, Caballeros JE, Fiala-Rechsteiner SM, Neves AP, Mattos RC. Histomorphometric and vascular changes in equine endometrium after the infusion of conceptus fragments. Anim Reprod 2020 Jun 29;17(2):e20200006.
- Kanazawa T, Seki M, Ishiyama K, Araseki M, Izaike Y, Takahashi T. Administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on Day 5 increases luteal blood flow and improves pregnancy prediction accuracy on Day 14 in recipient Holstein cows. J Reprod Dev 2017 Aug 19;63(4):389-399.
- Debertolis L, Mari G, Merlo B, Merbach S, Schoon HA, Iacono E, Bollwein H. Effects of induced endometritis on uterine blood flow in cows as evaluated by transrectal Doppler sonography. J Vet Sci 2016 Jun 30;17(2):189-97.
- Elmetwally MA, Meinecke-Tillmann S, Herzog K, Bollwein H. Effects of natural mating, artificial insemination and intravaginal deposition of raw semen or seminal plasma on vaginal and uterine blood flow in German Holstein cows. BMC Vet Res 2024 Jun 26;20(1):277.
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