Ultrasound-spirometry and capnography in horses: analysis of measurement reliability.
Abstract: Ultrasound-spirometry and capnography and the evaluation of corresponding 'single-breath diagrams for CO2' (SBD-CO2) is a relatively new, non-invasive method for assessing pulmonary function in horses. The relative variation and the reliability of observations within measurement sessions were calculated for expiratory tidal volume, for expired CO2 volume (%) and for the phase II and phase III slopes of the SBD-CO2 in horses without pulmonary disease and in horses suffering from differing degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The coefficient of variation of expiratory tidal volume ranged from 0.23 to 0.32 and that of the expiratory CO2 volume from 0.19 to 0.43. The reliability of the measurements can be considered as good for expiratory tidal volume, and as excellent for expiratory CO2. Clinical status had little influence on the descriptive parameters or on the sample statistics of the expiratory tidal volume and expiratory CO2. The slopes of the SBD-CO2 curves had high variation and only moderate to good reliability. Clinical status had a considerable influence on the variation in the slopes of phase II.
Publication Date: 2001-03-13 PubMed ID: 11243655DOI: 10.1023/a:1006409003122Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Measurement Techniques
- Noninvasive Procedures
- Observational Study
- Physiology
- Pulmonary Health
- Respiratory Disease
- Ultrasound
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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This research paper looks into the reliability of using ultrasound-spirometry and capnography (measuring exhaled carbon dioxide) for evaluating pulmonary (lung) function in horses. It compares horses with differing degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to those without any pulmonary disease.
Introduction to the Study
- The study focuses on the use of ultrasound-spirometry and capnography as a non-invasive technique for assessing pulmonary function in horses. These techniques and the corresponding ‘single-breath diagrams for CO2’ (SBD-CO2) are new to the field and the effectiveness and reliability of these methods were the primary focus of this study.
Parameters Studied
- The researchers measured and calculated the relative variation and the reliability of observations for various parameters such as the expiratory tidal volume (the volume of air moved in and out during normal breath), the expired CO2 volume percentage, and the slopes of phase II and phase III on the SBD-CO2.
- These measurements were conducted on horses without any existing pulmonary disease and on horses suffering from varying degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Findings of the Research
- The study found that the coefficient of variation (a normalized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution) for expiratory tidal volume ranged from 0.23 to 0.32, while that for expired CO2 volume ranged from 0.19 to 0.43.
- The reliability of the measurements was considered good for the expiratory tidal volume and excellent for the expiratory CO2 volume.
- The research further noted that the clinical status or condition of the horse had minimal influence on the descriptive parameters or the sample statistics of the expiratory tidal volume and expiratory CO2 volumes.
Impact of Clinical Status on SBD-CO2
- The study showed that the slopes of the SBD-CO2 curves exhibited high variation and only moderate to good reliability.
- Interestingly, the clinical status had a significant impact on the variation in the slopes of phase II of the SBD-CO2. This indicates that the disease status of the horse might affect the accuracy of some measurements in the SBD-CO2 diagrams.
Summary
- This research provides evidence of the reliability and potential application of ultrasound-spirometry and capnography as non-invasive tools for pulmonary assessments in horses. However, the study also highlights the need for careful interpretation of SBD-CO2 diagrams, particularly for horses with pulmonary disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Herholz C, Straub R, Busato A.
(2001).
Ultrasound-spirometry and capnography in horses: analysis of measurement reliability.
Vet Res Commun, 25(2), 137-147.
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006409003122 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Capnography / veterinary
- Carbon Monoxide / analysis
- Female
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses / physiology
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive / physiopathology
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive / veterinary
- Male
- Regression Analysis
- Respiration
- Spirometry / veterinary
- Tidal Volume
- Ultrasonography / veterinary
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This article includes 19 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Burnheim K, Hughes KJ, Evans DL, Raidal SL. Reliability of breath by breath spirometry and relative flow-time indices for pulmonary function testing in horses. BMC Vet Res 2016 Nov 28;12(1):268.
- Herholz C, Straub R, Lüthi S, Imhof A, Busato A. Differences in pulmonary functional indices derived from the single-breath diagram for CO2 (SBD-CO2) in horses related to age, sex and usage. Vet Res Commun 2002 Aug;26(6):467-78.
- Herholz C, Straub R, Busato A. The variability and repeatability of indices derived from the single-breath diagram for CO2 in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the effect of lobelin hydrochloride on these indices. Vet Res Commun 2001 Jul;25(5):401-12.
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