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Frontiers in molecular biosciences2021; 8; 656204; doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.656204

Understanding the Holobiont: Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Mitochondria During Long Exercise in Horse.

Abstract: Endurance exercise has a dramatic impact on the functionality of mitochondria and on the composition of the intestinal microbiome, but the mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between these two components are still largely unknown. Here, we sampled 20 elite horses before and after an endurance race and used blood transcriptome, blood metabolome and fecal microbiome to describe the gut-mitochondria crosstalk. A subset of mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes involved in pathways such as energy metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation was discovered and then shown to be associated with butyrate-producing bacteria of the family, especially . The mechanisms involved were not fully understood, but through the action of their metabolites likely acted on the axis and their downstream targets to delay the onset of hypoglycemia, inflammation and extend running time. Our results also suggested that circulating free fatty acids may act not merely as fuel but drive mitochondrial inflammatory responses triggered by the translocation of gut bacterial polysaccharides following endurance. Targeting the gut-mitochondria axis therefore appears to be a potential strategy to enhance athletic performance.
Copyright © 2021 Mach, Moroldo, Rau, Lecardonnel, Le Moyec, Robert and Barrey.
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Publication Date: 2021-04-08 PubMed ID: 33898524PubMed Central: PMC8063112DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.656204Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines the interaction between gut bacteria and mitochondria in horses during endurance exercise. The research uncovers a new understanding of how gut microorganisms and energy-producing cells in the body communicate and influence each other, potentially revealing new ways to enhance athletic performance.

Research Context and Methodology

  • In this study, the researchers acknowledged the significant effect of endurance exercise on the functionality of mitochondria, which are the energy powerhouses inside cells, and on the composition of the gut microbiota, the communities of microorganisms living in the intestines.
  • The research involved sampling 20 elite horses before and after an endurance race. The researchers analyzed different types of data – the blood transcriptome (the complete set of RNA molecules in blood), blood metabolome (the complete set of metabolites in blood), and fecal microbiome (the microbes in horse feces).

Key Findings

  • The researchers identified mitochondria-related genes that showed different levels of activity before and after the endurance exercise. These genes were mainly involved in pathways linked to energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
  • These genes were associated with butyrate-producing bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family, especially Roseburia. These bacteria produce butyrate, a kind of fatty acid that has various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects and energy provision for cells lining the colon.
  • Through their metabolites, these microbes likely influenced the HIF1-PPAR axis – a pathway involved in regulating oxygen supply and fat metabolism in cells – and their downstream targets. This interaction could help delay the onset of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and inflammation, and therefore, extend the time a horse can run.

Additional Implication and Potential Strategy for Improving Performance

  • Another significant finding of this study was the prospective role of circulating free fatty acids, not just as simple fuel, but as mediators of inflammatory responses in mitochondria. This reaction could be triggered by the movement of gut bacterial polysaccharides into the bloodstream following endurance exercise.
  • The conclusion of the research suggested that targeting the gut-mitochondria axis – the interaction between gut microbiota and mitochondria – might be a promising strategy to enhance athletic performance.

Cite This Article

APA
Mach N, Moroldo M, Rau A, Lecardonnel J, Le Moyec L, Robert C, Barrey E. (2021). Understanding the Holobiont: Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Mitochondria During Long Exercise in Horse. Front Mol Biosci, 8, 656204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.656204

Publication

Frontiers in molecular biosciences
ISSN: 2296-889X
NlmUniqueID: 101653173
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 656204
PII: 656204

Researcher Affiliations

Mach, Núria
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Moroldo, Marco
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Rau, Andrea
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, INRAE, Université de Liège, Université de Lille, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Estrées-Mons, France.
Lecardonnel, Jérôme
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Le Moyec, Laurence
  • Université d'Évry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France ABI UMR 1313, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • MCAM UMR7245, CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Robert, Céline
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Barrey, Eric
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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