Unilateral hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the dog, pony and miniature swine.
Abstract: The hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to unilateral hypoxia was analyzed in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs (n = 5), miniature swine (n = 5), and ponies (n = 5). The left and right lungs (LL, RL) were separately ventilated with the LL exposed to inspired oxygen concentrations (CIO2) of 100%, 12%, 8% or 4%, while the RL always received a CIO2 = 100%. Pulmonary blood flow distribution was measured using 15 microns radioactive microspheres. LL PAO2, and percent pulmonary blood flow diversion (%FD) were calculated at each CIO2. At CIO2 of 4% there were significant differences (P greater than or equal to 0.05) between the %FD responses of each species (mean +/- S.E.): the %FDswine (95.1 +/- 1.3) greater than %FDpony (76.0 +/- 4.6) greater than %FDdog (50.1 +/- 9.4). For all species, the %FD was inversely related to the level of regional hypoxia, but there were marked species differences in the magnitude and sensitivity of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction with the swine being the strongest responder, the pony intermediate, and the dog the weakest responder.
Publication Date: 1991-09-01 PubMed ID: 1961997DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(91)90074-sGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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This research studied the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response (the constriction of blood vessels in the lungs in response to low oxygen levels) in dogs, ponies, and miniature swine. Researchers found that the response is inversely related to the level of regional hypoxia (low oxygen) and varies significantly across species, with swine being the strongest responder, ponies intermediate, and dogs the weakest.
Experimental Procedure
- The researchers examined the pulmonary response to unilateral hypoxia in three species: dogs, ponies, and miniature swine. In the study, the two lungs were treated differently. The right lung was always supplied with 100% oxygen, while the left lung received 100%, 12%, 8%, or 4% oxygen concentrations. This process enabled the study of the lung’s response to differing oxygen levels.
- Blood flow distribution in the pulmonary region was measured using 15-micron radioactive microspheres, providing an accurate and detailed measurement.
- All subjects in the experiment were anesthetized with pentobarbital, impacting the central nervous system to produce a stable state for the research experiment.
Results
- There were significant differences in the pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses of each species when the oxygen concentration was reduced to 4%. Specifically, results showed the highest blood flow diversion in swine (95.1%), followed by ponies (76.0%), and dogs displayed the least diversion (50.1%).
- Another notable finding is that the response to low oxygen levels, described as percent pulmonary blood flow diversion (%FD), in all three species was inversely related to the level of reduced oxygen. That means, the lower the oxygen level, the higher the blood flow diversion occurred.
- Finally, this study discovered that there are marked species differences in the magnitude and sensitivity of the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Conclusion
- A clear discovery from this study is the unique pulmonary vasoconstriction sensitivity to oxygen level across different species, an important contribution to the field. However, the precise biological mechanisms for these varying responses remain to be investigated.
Cite This Article
APA
Elliott AR, Steffey EP, Jarvis KA, Marshall BE.
(1991).
Unilateral hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the dog, pony and miniature swine.
Respir Physiol, 85(3), 355-369.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(91)90074-s Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis
- Dogs
- Female
- Hemodynamics
- Horses
- Hypoxia / physiopathology
- Male
- Oxygen / blood
- Pulmonary Circulation
- Species Specificity
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
- Vasoconstriction
Grant Funding
- 86-21 / PHS HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Höstman S, Borges JB, Suarez-Sipmann F, Ahlgren KM, Engström J, Hedenstierna G, Larsson A. THAM reduces CO2-associated increase in pulmonary vascular resistance - an experimental study in lung-injured piglets.. Crit Care 2015 Sep 17;19(1):331.
- Sylvester JT, Shimoda LA, Aaronson PI, Ward JP. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.. Physiol Rev 2012 Jan;92(1):367-520.
- Nyman G, Marntell S, Edner A, Funkquist P, Morgan K, Hedenstierna G. Effect of sedation with detomidine and butorphanol on pulmonary gas exchange in the horse.. Acta Vet Scand 2009 May 7;51(1):22.
- Bund M, Henzler D, Walz R, Rossaint R, Piepenbrock S, Kuhlen R. [Aerosolized and intravenous prostacyclin during one-lung ventilation. Hemodynamic and pulmonary effects].. Anaesthesist 2004 Jul;53(7):612-20.
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