[Urachal patency in neonatal foals – a review of the literature].
Abstract: Urachal patency is an umbilical disease in newborn foals. Etiologically, either the closure of the urachus remains absent after birth (persistent urachus) or the urachus was already closed and reopens at a later time (patent urachus). The most common causes of patent urachus are congenital defects, tearing of the navel above the predilection site, trauma, increased intravesical or abdominal pressure and umbilical infections. Patent urachus occurs more frequently in premature or weak and immunocompromised foals. Colts are more often affected than fillies. Typical clinical signs are apparent immediately after birth (persistent urachus) or 7-14 days postpartum (patent urachus). These include either dripping or a stream of urine through umbilicus during micturition as well as a moist umbilical area. The diagnosis is usually unambiguous. Typical laboratory findings are not described for patent urachus. Conservative treatment such as obliteration, cauterization or cryosurgery may be employed in cases lacking an inflammation of the urachus or other umbilical structures and when the urachal lumen measures less than 6 mm. Surgical treatment is indicated in foals with large urachal lumen, an umbilical infection or sepsis as well as when no therapeutic success is attained after a conservative treatment of 5-7 days. In most cases, prognosis is good, however complications such as umbilical inflammation, disseminating infections, and secondary joint diseases may significantly impair prognosis. Die Urachusfistel ist eine Nabelerkrankung des neugeborenen Fohlens. Ätiologisch bleibt entweder der Schluss des Urachus nach der Geburt aus (Urachus persistens) oder der Urachus war bereits geschlossen und öffnet sich zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt wieder (Urachus patens). Häufige Ursachen für eine Urachusfistel sind kongenitale Defekte, das Abreißen des Nabelstrangs oberhalb der Prädilektionsstelle, Traumata, erhöhter intravesikaler oder abdominaler Druck und Nabelinfektionen. Die Urachusfistel wird des Öfteren bei prämaturen oder lebens- und immunschwachen Fohlen beobachtet. Hengstfohlen sind häufiger betroffen als Stutfohlen. Erkrankte Fohlen zeigen entweder direkt nach der Geburt (Urachus persistens) oder meist 7–14 Tage post natum (Urachus patens) typische klinische Symptome wie Harnträufeln während der natürlichen Miktion oder Harnabsatz im Strahl über den Hautnabel sowie eine feuchte Nabelumgebung. Die Diagnose lässt sich i. d. R. eindeutig stellen. Typische labordiagnostische Befunde sind für die Urachusfistel nicht beschrieben. Konservative Therapieversuche mittels Verödung, Kauterisation oder Kryochirurgie können erfolgen, solange keine entzündlichen Veränderungen des Urachus und der übrigen Nabelstrukturen vorliegen und das Urachuslumen bis zu 6 mm beträgt. Eine Nabelresektion ist dann indiziert, wenn ein sehr weites Urachuslumen, eine begleitende Nabelinfektion oder eine Sepsis vorliegt oder wenn sich nach 5–7 Tagen konservativer Behandlungsdauer kein Therapieerfolg einstellt. In den meisten Fällen besteht eine gute Prognose, doch können Komplikationen wie Nabelentzündungen, streuende Infektionen und sekundäre Gelenkerkrankungen die Prognose erheblich verschlechtern.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-23 PubMed ID: 34425617DOI: 10.1055/a-1523-2711Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
Summary
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The study focuses on urachal patency, a condition in newborn foals where the urachus, a channel in the umbilical cord, either fails to close after birth or reopens later on. The typical medical approaches to this condition, as well as its diagnoses, causes, and complications are reviewed.
Definition and Causes of Urachal Patency
- In newborn foals, urachal patency refers to a state where the urachus, a tube that connects a fetus’s bladder to the umbilical cord for waste disposal while in the womb, persistently remains open or reopens after initially closing post-birth. This usually culminate to urinary incontinence.
- This condition mainly occurs due to congenital defects, tearing of the navel, trauma, or excessive pressure in the bladder or abdomen. Factors such as umbilical infections, premature birth, weak immune system, and being male also increase the risk of urachal patency in foals.
Diagnosis and Symptoms
- Urachal patency can be diagnosed shortly after birth (persistent urachus) or after a week or two (patent urachus). Typical signs manifest as a continuous leakage or occasional stream of urine through the umbilicus during urination and a persistently wet umbilical area.
- Despite the physical symptoms, there are no specific laboratory findings associated with urachal patency.
Treatment
- Management of the condition may take a conservative approach involving obliteration, cauterization, or cryosurgery, especially when the diameter of the urachal lumen is less than 6 mm, and where there is no evidence of inflammation.
- Surgical intervention would be indicated in cases with larger urachal lumen, accompanying umbilical infection, sepsis, or failure to respond to conservative treatment between five to seven days.
Prognosis and Complications
- The prognosis for foals diagnosed with urachal patency is predominantly positive. However, the presence of complications such as umbilical inflammation, generalized infections and secondary joint diseases could substantially jeopardize the prognosis.
Cite This Article
APA
Bernick A, Nieth J, Wehrend A.
(2021).
[Urachal patency in neonatal foals – a review of the literature].
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 49(4), 275-280.
https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1523-2711 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Female
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses
- Male
- Sepsis / veterinary
- Umbilicus
- Urachal Cyst / veterinary
- Urachus
Conflict of Interest Statement
Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Bernick A, Krohn J, Wehrend A. Patent Urachus and Associated Comorbidities in 101 Newborn Foals: A Retrospective Study. Vet Med Sci 2025 May;11(3):e70379.
- Buzon-Cuevas A, Duaso J, Sanchez de Medina A, Sierra JM, Perez-Ecija A, Mendoza FJ. Description of a Modified Two-Step Omphalectomy Technique Using the LigaSure(™) Device to Remove the Whole Extrahepatic Umbilical Vein: A Case Series Study in Equine and Donkey Foals. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 28;15(7).
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