Urinary incontinence and sabulous cystitis in mares: report of five cases.
Abstract: This report describes five cases of urinary incontinence in Quarter Horse mares associated with the development of sabulous cystitis. The animals in this study had a history of persistent urinary incontinence for eight months, with clinical signs of continuous dribbling urine during rest and movement. The initial treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs was ineffective. Clinical examination revealed severe scalding in the perineal region and on the medial aspect of the hind limbs, along with neurological signs such as ataxia, hind limb paresis, and diminished perineal reflexes. Transrectal ultrasonography confirmed bladder distension and the presence of hyperechoic particles in the urine. Urinalysis revealed typical features of sabulous cystitis, including abundant calcium carbonate crystals. Despite treatment with corticosteroids, antibiotics, and daily bladder lavage with physiological saline, no substantial clinical improvement was observed. The limited therapeutic response and guarded prognosis were discussed with the owner, who opted to monitor the mares without altering their clinical condition for two years. This report highlights the complexity of managing urinary incontinence associated with sabulous cystitis in horses and emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis and early recognition of clinical signs for effective treatment. Este relato descreve cinco casos de incontinência urinária em éguas da raça Quarto de Milha, associada ao desenvolvimento de cistite sabulosa. Os animais deste estudo apresentaram histórico de incontinência urinária persistente por oito meses, com sinais clínicos de gotejamento contínuo de urina, principalmente durante o repouso e o movimento. O tratamento inicial com antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios não foi eficaz. Exames clínicos revelaram escaldaduras severas na região perineal e nas partes internas dos membros posteriores, além de sinais neurológicos como ataxia, paresia dos membros posteriores e reflexos perineais diminuídos. A avaliação por ultrassonografia transretal confirmou a distensão da bexiga e a presença de partículas hiperecóicas no interior da urina. A análise de urina revelou características típicas de cistite sabulosa, incluindo a presença abundante de cristais de carbonato de cálcio. Apesar da administração de tratamento com corticoides e antibioticoterapia, juntamente com lavagem diária da bexiga com solução salina fisiológica, não houve melhora clínica significativa nos animais estudados. A resposta terapêutica limitada e o prognóstico reservado foram discutidos com o proprietário, que optou por manter as éguas em monitoramento sem alteração no quadro clínico por dois anos. Este relato destaca a complexidade no manejo da incontinência urinária associada à cistite sabulosa em equinos, ressaltando a importância de um diagnóstico preciso e do reconhecimento precoce dos sinais clínicos para um tratamento eficaz.
Publication Date: 2024-10-21 PubMed ID: 39450000PubMed Central: PMC11500469DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005024Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research paper discusses five instances of urinary incontinence in Quarter Horse mares, correlated with the development of sabulous cystitis, a bladder condition. Initial treatments proved unsuccessful, and despite extensive therapeutic responses, the horses’ condition remained largely unchanged, emphasizing the complexity of treating these conditions in horses.
Case Description
- This paper presents five cases of Quarter Horse mares suffering from persistent urinary incontinence, a condition where they had continuous dribbling of urine both at rest and during movement, over a span of eight months.
- Initial treatments of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs failed to make any significant improvement in their condition.
Clinical Findings
- A clinical examination of the mares showed severe scalding or burns in the perineal region (the area between the anus and the vulva or scrotum) and on the inner aspects of their hind limbs.
- Further, they also displayed neurological signs such as ataxia (lack of muscle control), hind limb paresis (partial loss of movement), and diminished perineal reflexes.
- Transrectal ultrasonography was conducted which confirmed bladder distension and the presence of hyperechoic particles (highly reflective or echo-producing particles) in their urine.
- Urinalysis showed the presence of abundant calcium carbonate crystals, a hallmark of sabulous cystitis, a condition where the bladder gets filled with a sandy material.
Treatment and Prognosis
- Despite treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics, offered alongside daily bladder lavage (washing out) with a saline solution, no substantial improvement in the mares’ condition was recorded.
- Given the limited efficacy of therapeutic responses and the reserved prognosis, the owners decided to keep monitoring the mares without altering their clinical condition for the next two years.
Significance of the Report
- The report underlines the complexity in managing urinary incontinence associated with sabulous cystitis in horses.
- It also emphasizes the pivotal role of accurate diagnosis and early recognition of clinical signs for effective treatment.
Cite This Article
APA
de Melo UP, Ferreira C.
(2024).
Urinary incontinence and sabulous cystitis in mares: report of five cases.
Braz J Vet Med, 46, e005024.
https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005024 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinarian, DSc. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau (UNINASSAU). Natal, RN, Brazil.
- Veterinarian, MSc. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, UNINASSAU. Natal, RN, Brazil.
Conflict of Interest Statement
Conflict of interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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